Significance
We demonstrate the presence of large sex-related differences in the microstructure of subcortical gray matter using advanced noninvasive diffusion MRI in a large cohort of young adults. These sex differences are found in several key brain structures that are important for mental health and are consistent with experimental studies in animals showing cellular differences in these regions. Further, we demonstrate that brain imaging measures in regions with large sex differences are also associated with psychiatric symptoms.
http://pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2403212121
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