Tag: coronavirus

Infectivology

Integrative analysis for #COVID-19 patient outcome prediction

While image analysis of chest computed tomography (CT) for COVID-19 diagnosis has been intensively studied, little work has been performed for image-based patient outcome prediction. Management of high-risk patients with early intervention is a key to lower the fatality rate of COVID-19 pneumonia, as a majority of patients recover naturally. Therefore, an accurate prediction of disease progression with baseline imaging at the time of the … Continue reading Integrative analysis for #COVID-19 patient outcome prediction

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Infectivology

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Presentation and Outcomes for Patients Hospitalized with #COVID-19: Findings from the American Heart Association’s COVID-19 Cardiovascular Disease Registry

The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed longstanding racial/ethnic inequities in health risks and outcomes in the U.S.. We sought to identify racial/ethnic differences in presentation and outcomes for patients hospitalized with COVID-19.. ..Among 7,868 patients hospitalized with COVID-19, 33.0% were Hispanic, 25.5% were non-Hispanic Black, 6.3% were Asian, and 35.2% were non-Hispanic White. Hispanic and Black patients were younger than non-Hispanic White and Asian patients and … Continue reading Racial and Ethnic Differences in Presentation and Outcomes for Patients Hospitalized with #COVID-19: Findings from the American Heart Association’s COVID-19 Cardiovascular Disease Registry

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Hepatology, Infectivology, Pneumology

JAK inhibition reduces #SARS-CoV-2 #liver infectivity and modulates inflammatory responses to reduce morbidity and mortality

Using AI we identified baricitinib as possessing anti-viral and anti-cytokine efficacy. We now show a 71% (95% CI 0.15-0.58) mortality benefit in 83 patients with moderate-severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia with few drug-induced adverse events, including a large elderly cohort (median age 81 years). A further 48 cases with mild-moderate pneumonia recovered uneventfully. Using organotypic 3D cultures of primary human liver cells, we demonstrate that interferon-alpha-2 (IFNα2) … Continue reading JAK inhibition reduces #SARS-CoV-2 #liver infectivity and modulates inflammatory responses to reduce morbidity and mortality

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Infectivology, Neurology

#Dementia and the risk of death in elderly patients with #COVID‐19 infection: Systematic review and meta‐analysis

The COVID‐19 infection represents a global public health emergency worldwide. Several risk factors have been associated with a poor prognosis among COVID‐19 patients. We aimed to perform a systemic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate the mortality risk in elderly patients with dementia and COVID‐19 infection.. ..A total of 233 articles were retrieved; 158 were excluded for not meeting the inclusion criteria, leaving 75 articles to … Continue reading #Dementia and the risk of death in elderly patients with #COVID‐19 infection: Systematic review and meta‐analysis

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Infectivology

Preexisting and de novo humoral immunity to #SARS-CoV-2 in humans

Zoonotic introduction of novel coronaviruses may encounter preexisting immunity in humans. Using diverse assays for antibodies recognizing SARS-CoV-2 proteins, we detect preexisting humoral immunity. SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (S)-reactive antibodies were detectable by a flow cytometry-based method in SARS-CoV-2-uninfected individuals and were particularly prevalent in children and adolescents. They were predominantly of the IgG class and targeted the S2 subunit. By contrast, SARS-CoV-2 infection induced higher … Continue reading Preexisting and de novo humoral immunity to #SARS-CoV-2 in humans

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Infectivology

Quick #COVID-19 Healers Sustain Anti-SARS-CoV-2 #Antibody Production

Antibodies are key immune effectors that confer protection against pathogenic threats. The nature and longevity of the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is not well defined. We charted longitudinal antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in 92 subjects after symptomatic COVID-19. Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 are unimodally distributed over a broad range, with symptom severity correlating directly with virus-specific antibody magnitude. Seventy-six subjects followed longitudinally to ∼100 … Continue reading Quick #COVID-19 Healers Sustain Anti-SARS-CoV-2 #Antibody Production

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Environment, Infectivology

Neighbourhood income and physical distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States

Physical distancing has been the primary strategy to control COVID-19 in the United States. We used mobility data from a large, anonymized sample of smartphone users to assess the relationship between neighbourhood income and physical distancing during the pandemic. We found a strong gradient between neighbourhood income and physical distancing. Individuals in high-income neighbourhoods increased their days at home substantially more than individuals in low-income … Continue reading Neighbourhood income and physical distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States

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ENT, Environment, Infectivology

Lowering the transmission and spread of human coronavirus

The emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic has created an unprecedented healthcare, social, and economic disaster. Wearing of masks and social distancing can significantly decrease transmission and spread, however, due to circumstances such as medical or dental intervention and personal choice these practices have not been universally adopted. Additional strategies are required to lessen transmission. Nasal rinses and mouthwashes, which directly … Continue reading Lowering the transmission and spread of human coronavirus

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Infectivology

Evidence that #coronavirus superspreading is #fat-tailed

Superspreaders, infected individuals who result in an outsized number of secondary cases, are believed to underlie a significant fraction of total SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Here, we combine empirical observations of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 transmission and extreme value statistics to show that the distribution of secondary cases is consistent with being fat-tailed, implying that large superspreading events are extremal, yet probable, occurrences. We integrate these results with … Continue reading Evidence that #coronavirus superspreading is #fat-tailed

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Endocrinology, Infectivology

A Time Frame for Testing Negative for SARS- #COV2 in People with #Obesity

Objective: Obesity is a major risk factor for becoming seriously ill with the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). One difficulty faced by clinicians and by patients is the unknown time frame of hospitalization until discharge of symptomatic patients. Methods: We followed 34 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection who recovered fromthe infection. All diagnoses were given using semi-quantitative RT-PCR on nasopharyngeal swabs. Envelope protein gene (E), RNA-dependent … Continue reading A Time Frame for Testing Negative for SARS- #COV2 in People with #Obesity

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Infectivology, Neurology

#Delirium In Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome- #Coronavirus -2 Infection: A Point Of View

Coronavirus disease 2019 was for the first time reported in December 2019 in China, and has since spread throughout the world as a pandemic. In this point of view, we aim to discuss the occurrence of central nervous system symptomatology, and delirium, in patients suffering coronavirus disease 2019. To date, most of the research done around this infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome … Continue reading #Delirium In Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome- #Coronavirus -2 Infection: A Point Of View

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Environment, Infectivology

#SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and #transmission risk factors among high-risk close contacts: a retrospective cohort study

The proportion of asymptomatic carriers and transmission risk factors of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among household and non-household contacts remains unclear. In Singapore, extensive contact tracing by the Ministry of Health for every diagnosed COVID-19 case, and legally enforced quarantine and intensive health surveillance of close contacts provided a rare opportunity to determine asymptomatic attack rates and SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk factors among … Continue reading #SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and #transmission risk factors among high-risk close contacts: a retrospective cohort study

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