Tag: Stress

Cardiology, Environment

Associations of #Job Strain, #Stressful Life Events, and Social Strain With Coronary Heart Disease in the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study

The association between psychosocial stress and coronary heart disease (CHD) may be stronger in women than men and may differ across types of stressors. In this study, we assessed associations of psychosocial stressors, including job strain, stressful life events, and social strain with the incidence of CHD in women. Methods and Results We used longitudinal data from 80 825 WHI‐OS (Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study) … Continue reading Associations of #Job Strain, #Stressful Life Events, and Social Strain With Coronary Heart Disease in the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study

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Cardiology, Diet, Psychiatry

#Cocoa Flavanols Improve Vascular Responses to Acute Mental #Stress in Young Healthy Adults

Mental stress has been shown to induce cardiovascular events, likely due to its negative impact on vascular function. Flavanols, plant-derived polyphenolic compounds, improve endothelial function and blood pressure (BP) in humans, however their effects during stress are not known. This study examined the effects of acute intake of cocoa flavanols on stress-induced changes on vascular function. In a randomised, controlled, double-blind, cross-over intervention study, 30 … Continue reading #Cocoa Flavanols Improve Vascular Responses to Acute Mental #Stress in Young Healthy Adults

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Environment, Psychiatry

The mixed benefits of a #stressor-free life.

Research documents the pernicious effects of daily stressors on well-being, but often ignored in these studies are people reporting no stressors. The current study compared adults who reported no daily stressors with adults who reported at least one stressor across 8 consecutive days on measures of well-being. Of the 2,804 respondents (age range = 25–75 years, M = 53.46) from the Midlife in the United … Continue reading The mixed benefits of a #stressor-free life.

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Psychiatry

Effects of Stressful Events and Perceived #Stress on Cognitive Change Among #Depressed Older Adults

Stress is thought to exacerbate cognitive decline in older adults, especially those with late life depression (LLD); however, the specific aspects of stress that are especially deleterious and the aspects of cognition they affect are not clear. For example, it is not known whether the effects result from the exposure to stressful life events or whether it is the perception of stress that is salient, … Continue reading Effects of Stressful Events and Perceived #Stress on Cognitive Change Among #Depressed Older Adults

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Diet, Gerontology, Psychiatry

#Mediterranean diet, #stress resilience, and aging in nonhuman primates

Persistent psychological stress increases the risk of many chronic diseases of aging. Little progress has been made to effectively reduce stress responses or mitigate stress effects suggesting a need for better understanding of factors that influence stress responses. Limited evidence suggests that diet may be a factor in modifying the effects of stress. However, long-term studies of diet effects on stress reactive systems are not … Continue reading #Mediterranean diet, #stress resilience, and aging in nonhuman primates

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Environment, Psychiatry

The effects of acute #work #stress and appraisal on psychobiological stress responses in a group office environment

The high prevalence of office stress and its detrimental health consequences are of concern to individuals, employers and society at large. Laboratory studies investigating office stress have mostly relied on data from participants that were tested individually on abstract tasks. In this study, we examined the effect of psychosocial office stress and work interruptions on the psychobiological stress response in a realistic but controlled group … Continue reading The effects of acute #work #stress and appraisal on psychobiological stress responses in a group office environment

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Environment, Psychiatry

Standardized #massage interventions as protocols for the induction of psychophysiological #relaxation in the laboratory: a block randomized, controlled trial

Health and disease are strongly linked to psychophysiological states. While stress research strongly benefits from standardized stressors, no established protocol focuses on the induction of psychophysiological relaxation. To maintain health, functioning regenerative systems are however likely as important as functioning stress systems. Thus, the identification of validated relaxation paradigms is needed. Here, we investigated whether standardized massages are capable of reliably inducing physiological and psychological … Continue reading Standardized #massage interventions as protocols for the induction of psychophysiological #relaxation in the laboratory: a block randomized, controlled trial

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Psychiatry

#Sleep duration and affective reactivity to #stressors and positive events in daily life

Objective: Experimental evidence suggests that inadequate sleep disrupts next-day affective processing and evokes greater stress reactivity. However, less research has focused on whether sleep predicts next-day affective reactivity to naturally occurring stressors and positive events in daily life, as well as the reversed direction of association (i.e., affective reactivity to daily events as predictors of subsequent sleep). The purpose of this study was to evaluate … Continue reading #Sleep duration and affective reactivity to #stressors and positive events in daily life

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Environment, Infectivology, Psychiatry

The unfolding #COVID-19 pandemic: A probability-based, nationally representative study of #mental health in the U.S.

The COVID-19 pandemic is a collective stressor unfolding over time, yet rigorous published empirical studies addressing mental health consequences of COVID-19 among large probability-based national samples are rare. Between 3/18-4/18/20, during an escalating period of illness and death in the United States, we assessed acute stress, depressive symptoms and direct, community, and media-based exposures to COVID-19 in three consecutive representative samples across three 10-day periods … Continue reading The unfolding #COVID-19 pandemic: A probability-based, nationally representative study of #mental health in the U.S.

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Neurology, Psychiatry

#Placebos without deception reduce self-report and neural measures of emotional #distress

Several recent studies suggest that placebos administered without deception (i.e., non-deceptive placebos) can help people manage a variety of highly distressing clinical disorders and nonclinical impairments. However, whether non-deceptive placebos represent genuine psychobiological effects is unknown. Here we address this issue by demonstrating across two experiments that during a highly arousing negative picture viewing task, non-deceptive placebos reduce both a self-report and neural measure of … Continue reading #Placebos without deception reduce self-report and neural measures of emotional #distress

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Cardiology, Hypertension

Discrimination and #Hypertension Risk Among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study

African Americans have a higher risk of hypertension compared with other racial or ethnic groups in the United States. One possible explanation for this disparity is discrimination. Few studies have examined the association between discrimination and incidence of hypertension. We examined whether everyday discrimination, lifetime discrimination, and stress from discrimination were associated with incident hypertension and whether these associations differed by gender, age, discrimination attribution, … Continue reading Discrimination and #Hypertension Risk Among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study

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Neurology, Psychiatry

Emotional #Stress Induces Structural Plasticity in Bergmann Glial Cells via an AC5–CPEB3–GluA1 Pathway

..SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Astrocytes play important roles in synaptic transmission by extending fine processes around synapses. In this study, we showed that a single exposure to an acute stress triggered a retraction of lateral/fine processes in mouse cerebellar astrocytes. These astrocytes express GluA1, a glutamate receptor subunit known to lengthen astrocyte processes. We showed that astrocytic structural changes are associated with a reduction of GluA1 protein … Continue reading Emotional #Stress Induces Structural Plasticity in Bergmann Glial Cells via an AC5–CPEB3–GluA1 Pathway

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