Following a vegetarian diet has become increasingly popular and some evidence suggests that being vegetarian may be associated with a lower risk of cancer overall. However, for specific cancer sites, the evidence is limited. Our aim was to assess the associations of vegetarian and non-vegetarian diets with risks of all cancer, colorectal cancer, postmenopausal breast… Continue reading Risk of cancer in regular and low meat-eaters, fish-eaters, and vegetarians: a prospective analysis of UK Biobank participants
Category: Gastroenterology
Metabolomic and microbiome profiling reveals personalized risk factors for coronary artery disease
Complex diseases, such as coronary artery disease (CAD), are often multifactorial, caused by multiple underlying pathological mechanisms. Here, to study the multifactorial nature of CAD, we performed comprehensive clinical and multi-omic profiling, including serum metabolomics and gut microbiome data, for 199 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) recruited from two major Israeli hospitals, and validated… Continue reading Metabolomic and microbiome profiling reveals personalized risk factors for coronary artery disease
Immunotoxicity and intestinal effects of nano- and microplastics: a review of the literature
BackgroundTogether with poor biodegradability and insufficient recycling, the massive production and use of plastics have led to widespread environmental contamination by nano- and microplastics. These particles accumulate across ecosystems - even in the most remote habitats - and are transferred through food chains, leading to inevitable human ingestion, that adds to the highest one due… Continue reading Immunotoxicity and intestinal effects of nano- and microplastics: a review of the literature
Association of the Gut Microbiota With Cognitive Function in Midlife
Question Is the gut microbiota associated with cognitive function? Findings In this cross-sectional study, β-diversity, a measure of gut microbial community composition, was statistically significantly associated with all measures of cognitive function. Several specific genera were also significantly associated with 1 or more measures of cognitive function after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Meaning These results… Continue reading Association of the Gut Microbiota With Cognitive Function in Midlife
Gut Ruminococcaceae levels at baseline correlate with risk of antibiotic-associated diarrhea
Highlights•Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) affects a significant proportion of patients•13/30 healthy volunteers who received oral amoxicillin-clavulanate developed AAD•Individuals who developed AAD had lower levels of gut Ruminococcaceae at baseline•Baseline levels of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were predictive of risk of AAD SummaryAntibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) affects a significant proportion of patients receiving antibiotics. We sought to understand if differences… Continue reading Gut Ruminococcaceae levels at baseline correlate with risk of antibiotic-associated diarrhea
Gut microbiota modulates weight gain in mice after discontinued smoke exposure
Cigarette smoking constitutes a leading global cause of morbidity and preventable death1, and most active smokers report a desire or recent attempt to quit2. Smoking-cessation-induced weight gain (SCWG; 4.5 kg reported to be gained on average per 6–12 months, >10 kg year–1 in 13% of those who stopped smoking3) constitutes a major obstacle to smoking abstinence4, even under stable5,6… Continue reading Gut microbiota modulates weight gain in mice after discontinued smoke exposure
Cytokine signature for predicting new-onset prediabetes after acute pancreatitis: A prospective longitudinal cohort study
Highlights•Interleukin-1β at baseline predicts new-onset prediabetes after acute pancreatitis. •Interferon γ at baseline predicts new-onset prediabetes after pancreatitis. •Changes in adaptive immunity may underlie glucose derangements after pancreatitis. AbstractBackground/purposeAcute inflammation of the pancreas often leads to metabolic sequelae, the most common of which is new-onset prediabetes (and, ultimately, diabetes). However, there is a lack of… Continue reading Cytokine signature for predicting new-onset prediabetes after acute pancreatitis: A prospective longitudinal cohort study
Air pollution and endocrine disruptors induce human microbiome imbalances: A systematic review of recent evidence and possible biological mechanisms
Highlights•Environmental pollution could affect diversity of resident microbiota. •Environmental pollution could affect abundance of resident microbiota. •Studies suggest air pollution increases the abundance of streptococcus. •Studies suggest air pollution increases the abundance of veillionellales. •Scarcity of studies precludes observing consistent trends for other microbiota. AbstractA rich body of literature indicates that environmental factors interact with… Continue reading Air pollution and endocrine disruptors induce human microbiome imbalances: A systematic review of recent evidence and possible biological mechanisms
The anti-inflammatory effect of bacterial short chain fatty acids is partially mediated by endocannabinoids
The endocannabinoid (EC) system has pleiotropic functions in the body. It plays a key role in energy homeostasis and the development of metabolic disorders being a mediator in the relationship between the gut microbiota and host metabolism. In the current study we explore the functional interactions between the endocannabinoid system and the gut microbiome in… Continue reading The anti-inflammatory effect of bacterial short chain fatty acids is partially mediated by endocannabinoids
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