Category: Environment

Environment

Loss of life expectancy from air #pollution compared to other risk factors: a worldwide perspective

..We used a data-informed atmospheric model to calculate worldwide exposure to PM2.5 and ozone pollution, which was combined with the GEMM to estimate disease-specific excess mortality and loss of life expectancy (LLE) in 2015. Using this model, we investigated the effects of different pollution sources, distinguishing between natural (wildfires, aeolian dust) and anthropogenic emissions, including fossil fuel use. Global excess mortality from all ambient air … Continue reading Loss of life expectancy from air #pollution compared to other risk factors: a worldwide perspective

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Endocrinology, Environment, Sports

Hours lying down per day, as a proxy for sedentary behaviour and risk of #diabetes in young and middle-aged adults in Norway: an 11-year follow-up of the HUNT study

..362 individuals (2.1%) developed diabetes during an average of 11-year follow-up. Individuals who reported lying down ≥9 hours/day had an adjusted OR of 1.35 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.80) for incident diabetes compared with those lying down 8 hours/day. Lying down ≤7 hours/day was not associated with the risk of diabetes. In analysis stratified by physical activity, the ORs associated with lying down ≥9 hours/day were 1.41 (95% CI … Continue reading Hours lying down per day, as a proxy for sedentary behaviour and risk of #diabetes in young and middle-aged adults in Norway: an 11-year follow-up of the HUNT study

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Environment, Infectivology

The Effectiveness of Social #Distancing in Mitigating #COVID-19 Spread: a modelling analysis

..The application of all four social distancing interventions: school closure, workplace non-attendance, increased case isolation, and community contact reduction is highly effective in flattening the epidemic curve, reducing the maximum daily case numbers, and lengthening outbreak duration. These were also found to be effective even after 10 weeks delay from index case arrivals. The most effective single intervention was found to be increasing case isolation, … Continue reading The Effectiveness of Social #Distancing in Mitigating #COVID-19 Spread: a modelling analysis

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Environment, Sports

Association of Daily #Step Count and Step Intensity With Mortality Among US Adults

..Accelerometer-measured number of steps per day and 3 step intensity measures (extended bout cadence, peak 30-minute cadence, and peak 1-minute cadence [steps/min]). Accelerometer data were based on measurements obtained during a 7-day period at baseline. .. A total of 4840 participants (mean age, 56.8 years; 2435 [54%] women; 1732 [36%] individuals with obesity) wore accelerometers for a mean of 5.7 days for a mean of … Continue reading Association of Daily #Step Count and Step Intensity With Mortality Among US Adults

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Environment, Infectivology

A Person Can Carry And Transmit #COVID-19 Without Showing Symptoms, Scientists Confirm

Chinese researchers have confirmed a case of asymptomatic transmission of the new coronavirus: A 20-year-old woman from Wuhan passed it to five of her family members but never got physically sick herself.. ..A report from the Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention analysed records of all of China’s reported cases of the virus from December 8 to February 11 and found that 1.2 percent … Continue reading A Person Can Carry And Transmit #COVID-19 Without Showing Symptoms, Scientists Confirm

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Environment, Infectivology

Aerosol and Surface Stability of #SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1

..SARS-CoV-2 remained viable in aerosols throughout the duration of our experiment (3 hours), with a reduction in infectious titer from 103.5 to 102.7 TCID50 per liter of air. This reduction was similar to that observed with SARS-CoV-1, from 104.3 to 103.5 TCID50 per milliliter (Figure 1A). SARS-CoV-2 was more stable on plastic and stainless steel than on copper and cardboard, and viable virus was detected … Continue reading Aerosol and Surface Stability of #SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1

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Environment, Infectivology

Critical Care Utilization for the #COVID-19 Outbreak in Lombardy, Italy Early Experience and Forecast During an Emergency Response

On February 20, 2020, a patient in his 30s admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in Codogno Hospital (Lodi, Lombardy, Italy) tested positive for a new coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). He had a history of atypical pneumonia that was not responding to treatment, but he was not considered at risk for COVID-19 … Continue reading Critical Care Utilization for the #COVID-19 Outbreak in Lombardy, Italy Early Experience and Forecast During an Emergency Response

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Environment, Psychiatry

#Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for #alcohol use disorder

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) confers a prodigious burden of disease, disability, premature mortality, and high economic costs from lost productivity, accidents, violence, incarceration, and increased healthcare utilization. For over 80 years, Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) has been a widespread AUD recovery organization, with millions of members and treatment free at the point of access, but it is only recently that rigorous research on its effectiveness has … Continue reading #Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for #alcohol use disorder

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Environment, Pneumology

Human transport of thirdhand tobacco #smoke: A prominent source of hazardous air pollutants into indoor nonsmoking environments

The contamination of indoor nonsmoking environments with thirdhand smoke (THS) is an important, poorly understood public health concern. Real-time THS off-gassing from smokers into a nonsmoking movie theater was observed with online and offline high-resolution mass spectrometry. Prominent emission events of THS tracers (e.g., 2,5-dimethylfuran, 2-methylfuran, and acetonitrile) and other tobacco-related volatile organic compounds (VOCs) coincided with the arrival of certain moviegoers and left residual … Continue reading Human transport of thirdhand tobacco #smoke: A prominent source of hazardous air pollutants into indoor nonsmoking environments

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Cardiology, Environment, Sports

Total #Sitting Time and Sitting Pattern in Postmenopausal Women Differ by Hispanic Ethnicity and are Associated With #Cardiometabolic Risk Biomarkers

Sedentary behavior is pervasive, especially in older adults, and is associated with cardiometabolic disease and mortality. Relationships between cardiometabolic biomarkers and sitting time are unexplored in older women, as are possible ethnic differences.. ..Hispanic women sat, on average, 50.3 minutes less/day than non‐Hispanic women (P<0.001) and had shorter (3.6 minutes less, P=0.02) mean sitting bout duration. Among all women, longer total sitting time was deleteriously … Continue reading Total #Sitting Time and Sitting Pattern in Postmenopausal Women Differ by Hispanic Ethnicity and are Associated With #Cardiometabolic Risk Biomarkers

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Diet, Environment

#Sugar-Sweetened and Diet Beverage Consumption in Philadelphia One Year after the Beverage Tax

..Philadelphians were slightly more likely to decrease their frequency of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption (39.2% vs. 33.5%), and slightly less likely to increase their frequency of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption (38.9% vs. 43.0%). The effects of the tax estimated in the adjusted difference-in-difference analysis were very small (for example, changes in monthly sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in Philadelphia relative to comparison cities was −3.03 times or −51.65 ounces) … Continue reading #Sugar-Sweetened and Diet Beverage Consumption in Philadelphia One Year after the Beverage Tax

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