Category: Gastroenterology

Diet, Gastroenterology, Hepatology

Dose-response association between #adiposity and #liver cancer incidence: a prospective cohort study among non-smoking and non-alcohol drinking Chinese women

Background: Based on a population with very low prevalence of smoking and alcohol drinking, we examined the associations between overall obesity and fat distribution in middle age, obesity in early adulthood, and adult weight gain with the risk of liver cancer incidence. Methods: The associations between body mass index (BMI) at study enrollment and at age 20, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-to-hip ratio … Continue reading Dose-response association between #adiposity and #liver cancer incidence: a prospective cohort study among non-smoking and non-alcohol drinking Chinese women

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Diet, Gastroenterology, Infectivology

Cross-kingdom inhibition of bacterial virulence and communication by probiotic #yeast metabolites

Probiotic milk-fermented microorganism mixtures (e.g., yogurt, kefir) are perceived as contributing to human health, and possibly capable of protecting against bacterial infections. Co-existence of probiotic microorganisms are likely maintained via complex biomolecular mechanisms, secreted metabolites mediating cell-cell communication, and other yet-unknown biochemical pathways. In particular, deciphering molecular mechanisms by which probiotic microorganisms inhibit proliferation of pathogenic bacteria would be highly important for understanding both the … Continue reading Cross-kingdom inhibition of bacterial virulence and communication by probiotic #yeast metabolites

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Diet, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Oncology

#Metabolic syndrome and #gastric cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth diagnosed cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of death for cancer. Recent reports suggest that metabolic syndrome (MetS) has a role in etiology, progression or prognosis on GC. The aim of this study is to systematically review the evidence on the association between MetS and GC risk and prognosis. Methods Literature search was performed using the electronic databases … Continue reading #Metabolic syndrome and #gastric cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Gastroenterology

Comparative Effectiveness of Multiple Different First-Line Treatment Regimens for #Helicobacter pylori Infection: a Network Meta-Analysis.

A number of double, triple and quadruple therapies have been proposed as first line H. pylori infection empiric treatments. However, knowledge of their worldwide and regional comparative efficacy is lacking. We examined the comparative effectiveness of all empirically used first line regimens tested against standard triple treatment, using a network meta-analysis (NWM) of published RCTs. METHODS Data extracted from eligible RCTs were entered into a … Continue reading Comparative Effectiveness of Multiple Different First-Line Treatment Regimens for #Helicobacter pylori Infection: a Network Meta-Analysis.

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Diet, Gastroenterology

High-#Fiber, Whole-Food Dietary Intervention Alters the Human Gut #Microbiome but Not Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids

Dietary shifts can have a direct impact on the gut microbiome by preferentially selecting for microbes capable of utilizing the various dietary nutrients. The intake of dietary fiber has decreased precipitously in the last century, while consumption of processed foods has increased. Fiber, or microbiota-accessible carbohydrates (MACs), persist in the digestive tract and can be metabolized by specific bacteria encoding fiber-degrading enzymes. The digestion of … Continue reading High-#Fiber, Whole-Food Dietary Intervention Alters the Human Gut #Microbiome but Not Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids

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Diet, Gastroenterology, Hepatology

Acute on Chronic Liver Failure From #Nonalcoholic Fatty #Liver Disease: A Growing and Aging Cohort With Rising Mortality

We assessed the burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)‐related acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) among transplant candidates in the United States, along with waitlist outcomes for this population. Approach and Results We analyzed the United Network for Organ Sharing registry from 2005 to 2017. Patients with ACLF were identified using the European Association for the Study of the Liver/Chronic Liver Failure criteria and … Continue reading Acute on Chronic Liver Failure From #Nonalcoholic Fatty #Liver Disease: A Growing and Aging Cohort With Rising Mortality

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Diet, Gastroenterology, Hepatology

Acute #Liver Injury With Therapeutic Doses of #Acetaminophen: A Prospective Study

Because of the extensive use of this drug, further evaluation of acute liver injury (ALI) with therapeutic doses of acetaminophen (APAP; ≤6 g/d) is required. We characterize ALI with therapeutic doses of APAP and determine the host factors associated with disease severity and the predictors of outcome. Approach and Results All patients admitted with severe APAP‐related ALI in our center were included from 2002 to … Continue reading Acute #Liver Injury With Therapeutic Doses of #Acetaminophen: A Prospective Study

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Diet, Gastroenterology, Hepatology

Hepatic #Histopathology Among Excessive #Drinkers Without Advanced Liver Disease

Alcohol-associated liver disease represents a spectrum of histopathological changes from steatosis to advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. The major goals of this retrospective study were to characterize the histologic features in patients with excessive alcohol use who presented with an abnormal hepatic panel and/or abnormal radiographic imaging and did not meet the clinical diagnosis of alcoholic hepatitis or cirrhosis. Methods We performed a retrospective study to … Continue reading Hepatic #Histopathology Among Excessive #Drinkers Without Advanced Liver Disease

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Gastroenterology

Major GI #bleeding in older persons using #aspirin: incidence and risk factors in the ASPREE randomised controlled trial

There is a lack of robust data on significant gastrointestinal bleeding in older people using aspirin. We calculated the incidence, risk factors and absolute risk using data from a large randomised, controlled trial. Design Data were extracted from an aspirin versus placebo primary prevention trial conducted throughout 2010–2017 (‘ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE)’, n=19 114) in community-dwelling persons aged ≥70 years. Clinical characteristics … Continue reading Major GI #bleeding in older persons using #aspirin: incidence and risk factors in the ASPREE randomised controlled trial

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Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology

#Statin use is associated with lower prevalence of advanced liver #fibrosis in patients with type 2 diabetes

Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at increased risk of both cardiovascular disease (CVD) and advanced liver fibrosis related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Statin use is known to reduce the incidence of CVD while evidence on an effect on NAFLD severity is limited. Methods This is a cross-sectional study performed with data from the 2017–2018 cycle of the National Health and Nutrition Examination … Continue reading #Statin use is associated with lower prevalence of advanced liver #fibrosis in patients with type 2 diabetes

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Gastroenterology, Oncology

ACG Clinical Guidelines: #Colorectal #Cancer Screening 2021

1. We recommend CRC screening in average-risk individuals between ages 50 and 75 years to reduce incidence of advanced adenoma, CRC, and mortality from CRC. Strong recommendation; moderate-quality evidence 2. We suggest CRC screening in average-risk individuals between ages 45 and 49 years to reduce incidence of advanced adenoma, CRC, and mortality from CRC. Conditional recommendation; very low-quality evidence 3. We suggest that a decision … Continue reading ACG Clinical Guidelines: #Colorectal #Cancer Screening 2021

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Diet, Gastroenterology

The gut #mycobiome of healthy mice is shaped by the environment and correlates with metabolic outcomes in response to #diet

As an active interface between the host and their diet, the gut microbiota influences host metabolic adaptation; however, the contributions of fungi have been overlooked. Here, we investigate whether variations in gut mycobiome abundance and composition correlate with key features of host metabolism. We obtained animals from four commercial sources in parallel to test if differing starting mycobiomes can shape host adaptation in response to … Continue reading The gut #mycobiome of healthy mice is shaped by the environment and correlates with metabolic outcomes in response to #diet

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