Category: Gastroenterology

Gastroenterology

#Bile Acids Signal via TGR5 to Activate #Intestinal Stem Cells and Epithelial Regeneration

Renewal and patterning of the intestinal epithelium is coordinated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs); dietary and metabolic factors provide signals to the niche that control ISC activity. Bile acids (BAs), metabolites in the gut, signal nutrient availability by activating the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1, also called TGR5). TGR5 is expressed in the intestinal epithelium, but it is not clear how its activation … Continue reading #Bile Acids Signal via TGR5 to Activate #Intestinal Stem Cells and Epithelial Regeneration

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Diet, Gastroenterology, Oncology

Association of #Coffee Intake With Survival in Patients With Advanced or Metastatic #Colorectal Cancer

Several compounds found in coffee possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and insulin-sensitizing effects, which may contribute to anticancer activity. Epidemiological studies have identified associations between increased coffee consumption and decreased recurrence and mortality of colorectal cancer. The association between coffee consumption and survival in patients with advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer is unknown.. ..Among the 1171 patients included in the analysis (694 men [59%]; median age, 59 … Continue reading Association of #Coffee Intake With Survival in Patients With Advanced or Metastatic #Colorectal Cancer

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Gastroenterology, Infectivology

Depicting #SARS-CoV-2 faecal viral activity in association with #gut microbiota composition in patients with COVID-19

Although severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA was detected in faeces of patients with COVID-19, the activity and infectivity of the virus in the GI tract during disease course is largely unknown. We investigated temporal transcriptional activity of SARS-CoV-2 and its association with longitudinal faecal microbiome alterations in patients with COVID-19.. Seven (46.7%) of 15 patients with COVID-19 had stool positivity for SARS-CoV-2 … Continue reading Depicting #SARS-CoV-2 faecal viral activity in association with #gut microbiota composition in patients with COVID-19

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Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nephrology

Natural history of acute #kidney disease in patients with #cirrhosis

In 2012, KDIGO group proposed new definitions for Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), Acute Kidney Disease (AKD) and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). According to the definition adapted by the International Club of Ascites (ICA), AKI has been extensively investigated in patients with cirrhosis. On the contrary, there are currently no data on the epidemiology and clinical outcome of AKD in these patients. The aim of the … Continue reading Natural history of acute #kidney disease in patients with #cirrhosis

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Environment, Gastroenterology, Orthopedy

Warmth Prevents #Bone Loss Through the Gut #Microbiota

Osteoporosis is the most prevalent metabolic bone disease, characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration. Here, we show that warmth exposure (34°C) protects against ovariectomy-induced bone loss by increasing trabecular bone volume, connectivity density, and thickness, leading to improved biomechanical bone strength in adult female, as well as in young male mice. Transplantation of the warm-adapted microbiota phenocopies the warmth-induced bone effects. Both warmth … Continue reading Warmth Prevents #Bone Loss Through the Gut #Microbiota

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Gastroenterology, Hepatology

Hepatic decompensation in #cirrhotic patients receiving antiviral therapy for chronic #hepatitis B

It is unclear if anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) treatment can eliminate incident hepatic decompensation. Here we report the incidence and predictors of hepatic decompensation among cirrhotic patients receiving antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B.. ..818 patients (mean age, 54.9 years; 519 male [63.4%]) were included in the final analysis. During a mean follow-up of 58.1 months, 32 (3.9%) patients developed hepatic decompensation, among whom 34% … Continue reading Hepatic decompensation in #cirrhotic patients receiving antiviral therapy for chronic #hepatitis B

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Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Gynaecology, Oncology

#Obesity Has a Stronger Relationship with Colorectal #Cancer in Postmenopausal Women Than Premenopausal Women

Background: To examine the relationship between obesity measured by waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) and the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Methods: A total of 1,418,180 premenopausal and 4,854,187 postmenopausal women without cancer at baseline and aged over 40 were identified using the Korean National Health Insurance System Cohort during 2009-2014. The hazard ratio (HR) for CRC … Continue reading #Obesity Has a Stronger Relationship with Colorectal #Cancer in Postmenopausal Women Than Premenopausal Women

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Gastroenterology

Heterogeneity and clonal relationships of adaptive immune cells in #ulcerative colitis revealed by single-cell analyses

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses a spectrum of gastrointestinal disorders driven by dysregulated immune responses against gut microbiota. We integrated single-cell RNA and antigen receptor sequencing to elucidate key components, cellular states, and clonal relationships of the peripheral and gastrointestinal mucosal immune systems in health and ulcerative colitis (UC). UC was associated with an increase in IgG1+ plasma cells in colonic tissue, increased colonic regulatory … Continue reading Heterogeneity and clonal relationships of adaptive immune cells in #ulcerative colitis revealed by single-cell analyses

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Diet, Gastroenterology

Vitamin #D receptor is overexpressed in the duodenum of patients with #irritable bowel syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders and bile acids are thought to be associated with the pathogenesis of IBS. Bile acid receptors are expressed on intestinal epithelial cells. However, no study has assessed bile acid receptor proteins in IBS. Therefore, we examined the intestinal mucosal expression of bile acid receptors in patients with IBS.. Intestinal biopsies were performed … Continue reading Vitamin #D receptor is overexpressed in the duodenum of patients with #irritable bowel syndrome

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Gastroenterology

Efficacy and safety of gastrointestinal #bleeding prophylaxis in critically #ill patients: an updated systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized trials

Motivated by a new randomized trial (the PEPTIC trial) that raised the issue of an increase in mortality with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) relative to histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs), we updated our prior systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) addressing the impact of pharmacological gastrointestinal bleeding prophylaxis in critically ill patients. Seventy-four trials enrolling 39 569 patients proved eligible. Both PPIs (risk ratio (RR) 1.03, … Continue reading Efficacy and safety of gastrointestinal #bleeding prophylaxis in critically #ill patients: an updated systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized trials

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Diet, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, supplements

Vitamin #D for treatment of non‐alcoholic #fatty liver disease detected by transient elastography: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial

To evaluate the effects of vitamin D on transient elastography (TE, FibroScan) indices of liver steatosis (controlled attenuation parameter [CAP]) and fibrosis (liver stiffness measurement [LSM]) in adults with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).. ..Both CAP and LSM gradually decreased in vitamin D‐treated patients and slightly increased in the placebo arm. Vitamin D was superior to placebo for both primary outcomes (mean differences in CAP … Continue reading Vitamin #D for treatment of non‐alcoholic #fatty liver disease detected by transient elastography: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial

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Cardiology, Gastroenterology, Hypertension

Association Between the Gut #Microbiota and Blood #Pressure in a Population Cohort of 6953 Individuals

Several small‐scale animal studies have suggested that gut microbiota and blood pressure (BP) are linked. However, results from human studies remain scarce and conflicting. We wanted to elucidate the multivariable‐adjusted association between gut metagenome and BP in a large, representative, well‐phenotyped population sample. We performed a focused analysis to examine the previously reported inverse associations between sodium intake and Lactobacillus abundance and between Lactobacillus abundance … Continue reading Association Between the Gut #Microbiota and Blood #Pressure in a Population Cohort of 6953 Individuals

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