Category: Gastroenterology

Diet, Gastroenterology, Gerontology

#Mediterranean diet intervention alters the gut microbiome in older people reducing #frailty and improving health status: the NU-AGE 1-year dietary intervention across five European countries

..Adherence to the diet was associated with specific microbiome alterations. Taxa enriched by adherence to the diet were positively associated with several markers of lower frailty and improved cognitive function, and negatively associated with inflammatory markers including C-reactive protein and interleukin-17. Analysis of the inferred microbial metabolite profiles indicated that the diet-modulated microbiome change was associated with an increase in short/branch chained fatty acid production … Continue reading #Mediterranean diet intervention alters the gut microbiome in older people reducing #frailty and improving health status: the NU-AGE 1-year dietary intervention across five European countries

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Gastroenterology, Hepatology

Mitigation of nonalcoholic #fatty liver disease in high-fat-fed mice by the combination of decaffeinated green tea extract and voluntary exercise

We have shown that combination treatment with decaffeinated green tea extract (GTE) and voluntary exercise (Ex) reduces obesity and insulin resistance in high-fat (HF)-fed mice to a greater extent than either treatment alone. Here, we investigated the effects of GTE-, Ex- or the combination on the development of obesity-related NAFLD.. ..Combination treated, but not singly treated mice, had higher hepatic expression of genes related to … Continue reading Mitigation of nonalcoholic #fatty liver disease in high-fat-fed mice by the combination of decaffeinated green tea extract and voluntary exercise

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Diet, Gastroenterology, Oncology

#Nut Consumption and Risk of #Cancer: A Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies

..When comparing the highest with the lowest category of nut intake, high consumption of nuts was significantly associated with decreased risk of overall cancer (RR = 0.90; 95% CI, 0.85–0.95). The protective effect of nut consumption was especially apparent against cancers from the digestive system (RR = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.77–0.89). Among different nut classes, significant association was only obtained for intake of tree nuts. … Continue reading #Nut Consumption and Risk of #Cancer: A Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies

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Gastroenterology, Hepatology

Unresolved issues of immune tolerance in chronic hepatitis #B

During the natural course of chronic hepatitis B virus infection, immune-tolerant phase is characterized by high viral replication, the presence of HBV e antigen (HBeAg), and normal or minimally elevated serum alanine aminotransferase. Immune-tolerant phase is usually regarded as a benign course of the disease. International guidelines recommend observation rather than treatment during immune-tolerant phase. In this article, we review unresolved issues related to the … Continue reading Unresolved issues of immune tolerance in chronic hepatitis #B

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Gastroenterology, Infectivology, Neurology

Adrenergic Signaling in #Muscularis Macrophages Limits Infection-Induced Neuronal Loss

..Enteric-associated neurons (EANs) are closely associated with immune cells and continuously monitor and modulate homeostatic intestinal functions, including motility and nutrient sensing. Bidirectional interactions between neuronal and immune cells are altered during disease processes such as neurodegeneration or #irritable bowel syndrome. We investigated the effects of infection-induced inflammation on intrinsic EANs (iEANs) and the role of intestinal muscularis macrophages (MMs) in this context Using murine … Continue reading Adrenergic Signaling in #Muscularis Macrophages Limits Infection-Induced Neuronal Loss

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Diet, Gastroenterology, Infectivology

T cell receptor cross-reactivity between gliadin and #bacterial peptides in #celiac disease

The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) locus is strongly associated with T cell-mediated autoimmune disorders. HLA-DQ2.5-mediated celiac disease (CeD) is triggered by the ingestion of gluten, although the relative roles of genetic and environmental risk factors in CeD is unclear. Here we identify microbially derived mimics of gliadin epitopes and a parental bacterial protein that is naturally processed by antigen-presenting cells and activated gliadin reactive HLA-DQ2.5-restricted … Continue reading T cell receptor cross-reactivity between gliadin and #bacterial peptides in #celiac disease

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Gastroenterology, Psychiatry

Long-term benefit of #Microbiota Transfer Therapy on #autism symptoms and gut microbiota

Many studies have reported abnormal gut microbiota in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), suggesting a link between gut microbiome and autism-like behaviors. Modifying the gut microbiome is a potential route to improve gastrointestinal (GI) and behavioral symptoms in children with ASD, and fecal microbiota transplant could transform the dysbiotic gut microbiome toward a healthy one by delivering a large number of commensal microbes from … Continue reading Long-term benefit of #Microbiota Transfer Therapy on #autism symptoms and gut microbiota

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Gastroenterology

Association Between #Beverage Intake and Incidence of Gastroesophageal #Reflux Symptoms

..Patients are frequently advised to eliminate coffee, tea, and/or soda to reduce symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux (GER), such as heartburn or regurgitation. ..After multivariable adjustment, hazard ratios (HRs) for women with the highest intake of each beverage (more than 6 servings/day) compared to women with the lowest intake (0 servings/day) were 1.34 for coffee (95% CI, 1.13–1.59; Ptrend<.0001), 1.26 for tea (95% CI, 1.03–1.55; Ptrend<.001), … Continue reading Association Between #Beverage Intake and Incidence of Gastroesophageal #Reflux Symptoms

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Gastroenterology, Infectivology

Association Between Acute #Gastroenteritis and Continuous Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors During Winter Periods of Highest Circulation of Enteric Viruses

An increased risk of acute bacterial enteric infections has been reported among patients receiving proton pump inhibitor (#PPI) therapy. The risk of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) of viral origin associated with continuous PPI exposure has been less studied ..At least 1 AGE epidemic episode was identified in 3131 patients (1.3%) receiving PPI therapy and in 4327 patients (0.7%) not receiving PPI therapy. The adjusted relative risk … Continue reading Association Between Acute #Gastroenteritis and Continuous Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors During Winter Periods of Highest Circulation of Enteric Viruses

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Gastroenterology

Atorvastatin in combination with conventional antimicrobial treatment of #Helicobacter pylori eradication: A randomized controlled clinical trial

..Considering the anti‐inflammatory and antibacterial effect of atorvastatin, the present study aimed at adding this agent to a four‐drug regimen in order to eradicate H. pylori. In the current study, 110 patients in the control group received a 14‐day regimen of amoxicillin, clarithromycin, bismuth, and esomeprazole, and 110 patients in the intervention group received 40 mg of atorvastatin daily plus the antibiotic regimen for 14 … Continue reading Atorvastatin in combination with conventional antimicrobial treatment of #Helicobacter pylori eradication: A randomized controlled clinical trial

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