Category: Oncology

Endocrinology, Oncology

Therapeutic Repurposing of #Biguanides in #Cancer

Biguanides exert antitumor activities through various biochemical mechanisms involving mitochondrial complex I, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and/or mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (mGPD). Biguanides selectively target subpopulations of cancer cells addicted to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Metabolic adaptations triggered by biguanide exposure could be potential targets to improve the antitumor efficacy of biguanides. Biguanides modulate antitumor immunity by targeting immune cells in the … Continue reading Therapeutic Repurposing of #Biguanides in #Cancer

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Diet, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Oncology

#Metabolic syndrome and #gastric cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth diagnosed cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of death for cancer. Recent reports suggest that metabolic syndrome (MetS) has a role in etiology, progression or prognosis on GC. The aim of this study is to systematically review the evidence on the association between MetS and GC risk and prognosis. Methods Literature search was performed using the electronic databases … Continue reading #Metabolic syndrome and #gastric cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Oncology

#Smoking, #Radiation Therapy, and Contralateral #Breast Cancer Risk in Young Women

Evidence is mounting that cigarette smoking contributes to second primary contralateral breast cancer (CBC) risk. Whether radiation therapy (RT) interacts with smoking to modify this risk is unknown. In this multicenter, individually-matched case-control study, we examined the association between RT, smoking, and CBC risk. The study included 1,521 CBC cases and 2,212 controls with unilateral breast cancer, all diagnosed with first invasive breast cancer between … Continue reading #Smoking, #Radiation Therapy, and Contralateral #Breast Cancer Risk in Young Women

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Oncology, Pain

Effectiveness of Electroacupuncture or Auricular #Acupuncture vs Usual Care for Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain Among #Cancer Survivors The PEACE Randomized Clinical Trial

The opioid crisis creates challenges for cancer pain management. Acupuncture confers clinical benefits for chronic nonmalignant pain, but its effectiveness in cancer survivors remains uncertain. Objective To determine the effectiveness of electroacupuncture or auricular acupuncture for chronic musculoskeletal pain in cancer survivors. Design, Setting, and Participants The Personalized Electroacupuncture vs Auricular Acupuncture Comparativeness Effectiveness (PEACE) trial is a randomized clinical trial that was conducted from … Continue reading Effectiveness of Electroacupuncture or Auricular #Acupuncture vs Usual Care for Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain Among #Cancer Survivors The PEACE Randomized Clinical Trial

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Neurology, Oncology

A first-in-human phase 0 clinical study of RNA interference–based spherical nucleic acids in patients with recurrent #glioblastoma

Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most difficult cancers to effectively treat, in part because of the lack of precision therapies and limited therapeutic access to intracranial tumor sites due to the presence of the blood-brain and blood-tumor barriers. We have developed a precision medicine approach for GBM treatment that involves the use of brain-penetrant RNA interference–based spherical nucleic acids (SNAs), which consist of gold … Continue reading A first-in-human phase 0 clinical study of RNA interference–based spherical nucleic acids in patients with recurrent #glioblastoma

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Gastroenterology, Oncology

ACG Clinical Guidelines: #Colorectal #Cancer Screening 2021

1. We recommend CRC screening in average-risk individuals between ages 50 and 75 years to reduce incidence of advanced adenoma, CRC, and mortality from CRC. Strong recommendation; moderate-quality evidence 2. We suggest CRC screening in average-risk individuals between ages 45 and 49 years to reduce incidence of advanced adenoma, CRC, and mortality from CRC. Conditional recommendation; very low-quality evidence 3. We suggest that a decision … Continue reading ACG Clinical Guidelines: #Colorectal #Cancer Screening 2021

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Oncology, Pneumology

Broadened Eligibility for #Lung #Cancer Screening Challenges and Uncertainty for Implementation and Equity

In 2013, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended annual lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography (CT) in US adults aged 55 to 80 years who currently smoke or formerly smoked with a 30 pack-year history, and for those who formerly smoked, quitting within the past 15 years (grade “B” recommendation).1 In this issue of JAMA, the USPSTF updates this recommendation, proposing 2 … Continue reading Broadened Eligibility for #Lung #Cancer Screening Challenges and Uncertainty for Implementation and Equity

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Cardiology, Hematology, Oncology

American Society of Hematology 2021 guidelines for management of venous #thromboembolism: prevention and treatment in patients with #cancer

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common complication among patients with cancer. Patients with cancer and VTE are at a markedly increased risk for morbidity and mortality. Objective: These evidence-based guidelines of the American Society of Hematology (ASH) are intended to support patients, clinicians, and other health care professionals in their decisions about the prevention and treatment of VTE in patients with cancer. Methods: ASH formed … Continue reading American Society of Hematology 2021 guidelines for management of venous #thromboembolism: prevention and treatment in patients with #cancer

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Gynaecology, Oncology

Risk‐adapted starting age of #breast cancer screening in women with a family history of #ovarian or other cancers: A nationwide cohort study

There is a lack of evidence‐based recommendations for the age at which women with a family history of cancers other than breast cancer should start breast cancer screening. METHODS Using Swedish family cancer data sets, the authors conducted a nationwide cohort study including 5,099,172 Swedish women born after 1931 (follow‐up, 1958‐2015). Accounting for calendar time, they calculated the relative risk of breast cancer for women … Continue reading Risk‐adapted starting age of #breast cancer screening in women with a family history of #ovarian or other cancers: A nationwide cohort study

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Gynaecology, Oncology

Association of #PET-based #estradiol-challenge test for #breast cancer progesterone receptors with response to endocrine therapy

Estrogen receptor (ER) testing of breast cancer imperfectly predicts response to endocrine therapy (ET). We hypothesize that a brief estradiol challenge will increase tumor progesterone receptor (PgR) levels only in tumors with functional ER. In this prospective, phase 2, single-center, single-arm trial (NCT02455453), we report the association of response to ET with change in tumor uptake of the progestin analog, 21-[18F]fluorofuranylnorprogesterone (FFNP), before and after … Continue reading Association of #PET-based #estradiol-challenge test for #breast cancer progesterone receptors with response to endocrine therapy

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Gastroenterology, Oncology

NAD+ depletion by type I interferon signaling sensitizes #pancreatic cancer cells to NAMPT inhibition

Emerging evidence suggests that intratumoral interferon (IFN) signaling can trigger targetable vulnerabilities. A hallmark of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is its extensively reprogrammed metabolic network, in which nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and its reduced form, NADH, are critical cofactors. Here, we show that IFN signaling, present in a subset of PDAC tumors, substantially lowers NAD(H) levels through up-regulating the expression of NAD-consuming enzymes PARP9, PARP10, … Continue reading NAD+ depletion by type I interferon signaling sensitizes #pancreatic cancer cells to NAMPT inhibition

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Oncology, Pneumology

Calculated indices of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhalation for #lung #cancer screening and early detection

Breath analysis is a promising noninvasive technique that offers a wide range of opportunities to facilitate early diagnosis of lung cancer (LC). Method Exhaled breath samples of 352 subjects including 160 with lung cancer (LC), 70 with benign pulmonary nodule (BPN) and 122 healthy controls (HC) were analyzed through thermal desorption coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC–MS) to obtain the metabolic information from volatile organic … Continue reading Calculated indices of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhalation for #lung #cancer screening and early detection

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