Category: Endocrinology

Endocrinology, Oncology

Therapeutic Repurposing of #Biguanides in #Cancer

Biguanides exert antitumor activities through various biochemical mechanisms involving mitochondrial complex I, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and/or mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (mGPD). Biguanides selectively target subpopulations of cancer cells addicted to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Metabolic adaptations triggered by biguanide exposure could be potential targets to improve the antitumor efficacy of biguanides. Biguanides modulate antitumor immunity by targeting immune cells in the … Continue reading Therapeutic Repurposing of #Biguanides in #Cancer

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Diet, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Oncology

#Metabolic syndrome and #gastric cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth diagnosed cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of death for cancer. Recent reports suggest that metabolic syndrome (MetS) has a role in etiology, progression or prognosis on GC. The aim of this study is to systematically review the evidence on the association between MetS and GC risk and prognosis. Methods Literature search was performed using the electronic databases … Continue reading #Metabolic syndrome and #gastric cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Endocrinology, Neurology

Association of Type 2 #Diabetes Mellitus and Glycemic Control With Intracranial Plaque Characteristics in Patients With Acute Ischemic #Stroke

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has shown to be associated with carotid plaque vulnerability. However, the impact of T2DM on intracranial artery atherosclerosis is not well‐understood. Purpose To evaluate the association of diabetes and glycemic control with intracranial atherosclerotic plaque characteristics identified by three‐dimensional contrast enhanced MR vessel wall imaging in patients after acute ischemic stroke. Study Type Prospective. Population Two hundred and eighty‐eight symptomatic … Continue reading Association of Type 2 #Diabetes Mellitus and Glycemic Control With Intracranial Plaque Characteristics in Patients With Acute Ischemic #Stroke

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Endocrinology, Gynaecology, Sports

OR10-1 – Efficacy of High-Intensity Intermittent #Training for Improving Cardio-Metabolic Health in Women With #Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common and complex endocrinopathy with significant metabolic and reproductive manifestations, carrying a major health and economic burden. Consistent improvements in clinical outcomes have been reported as a result of exercise training, but shortfalls with exercise prescription are evident. Research suggests that high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT) is feasible, well tolerated and enjoyable for people with or at risk of chronic … Continue reading OR10-1 – Efficacy of High-Intensity Intermittent #Training for Improving Cardio-Metabolic Health in Women With #Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

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Diet, Endocrinology

#Semaglutide 2·4 mg once a week in adults with #overweight or #obesity, and type 2 diabetes (STEP 2): a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial

Background This trial assessed the efficacy and safety of the GLP-1 analogue once a week subcutaneous semaglutide 2·4 mg versus semaglutide 1·0 mg (the dose approved for diabetes treatment) and placebo for weight management in adults with overweight or obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Methods This double-blind, double-dummy, phase 3, superiority study enrolled adults with a body-mass index of at least 27 kg/m2 and glycated … Continue reading #Semaglutide 2·4 mg once a week in adults with #overweight or #obesity, and type 2 diabetes (STEP 2): a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial

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Endocrinology, Gynaecology

Hormone therapy as a possible solution for post #menopausal women with #nocturia results of a pilot trial

To observe the impact of different hormonal treatment options on nocturia, its causative factors and bother in postmenopausal women. Methods: This prospective study recruited 245 postmenopausal women and divided them into four treatment groups based on patient’s choice: Estrogen + Progesterone (E+P), Estrogen-only in patients with a prior hysterectomy, tissue-selective estrogen complex (TSEC) and no treatment. Nocturia and its causative factors were observed using two … Continue reading Hormone therapy as a possible solution for post #menopausal women with #nocturia results of a pilot trial

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Endocrinology, ENT, Neurology

#Olfactory dysfunction predicts the development of #dementia in older patients with type 2 #diabetes

Olfactory dysfunction is associated with the transition from normal cognition to dementia in persons without type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to investigate whether olfactory dysfunction could be an early marker of future dementia in older patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods This exploratory study included 151 older Japanese outpatients with type 2 diabetes who did not have a diagnosis of probable dementia at baseline. … Continue reading #Olfactory dysfunction predicts the development of #dementia in older patients with type 2 #diabetes

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Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology

#Statin use is associated with lower prevalence of advanced liver #fibrosis in patients with type 2 diabetes

Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at increased risk of both cardiovascular disease (CVD) and advanced liver fibrosis related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Statin use is known to reduce the incidence of CVD while evidence on an effect on NAFLD severity is limited. Methods This is a cross-sectional study performed with data from the 2017–2018 cycle of the National Health and Nutrition Examination … Continue reading #Statin use is associated with lower prevalence of advanced liver #fibrosis in patients with type 2 diabetes

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Cardiology, Endocrinology, Nephrology

Risk for recurrent #cardiovascular disease events among patients with #diabetes and chronic kidney disease

Adults who have experienced multiple cardiovascular disease (CVD) events have a very high risk for additional events. Diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are each associated with an increased risk for recurrent CVD events following a myocardial infarction (MI). Methods We compared the risk for recurrent CVD events among US adults with health insurance who were hospitalized for an MI between 2014 and 2017 and … Continue reading Risk for recurrent #cardiovascular disease events among patients with #diabetes and chronic kidney disease

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Endocrinology, Gynaecology

A Pragmatic, Randomized Clinical Trial of Gestational #Diabetes Screening

Gestational diabetes mellitus is common and is associated with an increased risk of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. Although experts recommend universal screening for gestational diabetes, consensus is lacking about which of two recommended screening approaches should be used. METHODS We performed a pragmatic, randomized trial comparing one-step screening (i.e., a glucose-tolerance test in which the blood glucose level was obtained after the oral administration … Continue reading A Pragmatic, Randomized Clinical Trial of Gestational #Diabetes Screening

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Endocrinology, Environment

Hallmarks of #environmental insults

Environmental insults impair human health around the world. Contaminated air, water, soil, food, and occupational and household settings expose humans of all ages to a plethora of chemicals and environmental stressors. We propose eight hallmarks of environmental insults that jointly underpin the damaging impact of environmental exposures during the lifespan. Specifically, they include oxidative stress and inflammation, genomic alterations and mutations, epigenetic alterations, mitochondrial dysfunction, … Continue reading Hallmarks of #environmental insults

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Endocrinology

#Glucagon blockade restores functional β-cell mass in type 1 #diabetic mice and enhances function of human islets

Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are associated with reduced β-cell mass or function, resulting from decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis. Understanding the signals governing β-cell survival and regeneration is critical for developing strategies to maintain healthy populations of these cells in individuals. Both forms of diabetes are associated with hyperglucagonemia and an increased plasma glucagon:insulin ratio. Glucagon excess contributes to metabolic dysregulation of … Continue reading #Glucagon blockade restores functional β-cell mass in type 1 #diabetic mice and enhances function of human islets

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