Category: Diet

Cardiology, Diet

Association of #sugary drink consumption with all-cause and cause-specific #mortality: the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study

Highlights•We assessed the association between sugary drinks and mortality in Japan. •Sugary drink consumption was positively associated with all-cause mortality. •Sugary drinks increased risk of death from circulatory system diseases. AbstractBackgroundFew epidemiologic studies have assessed the associations of sugary drink consumption with mortality outcomes among Asian populations. MethodsThis study included 70,486 participants in the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study at the age of 45–74 … Continue reading Association of #sugary drink consumption with all-cause and cause-specific #mortality: the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study

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Diet, Gastroenterology, Hepatology

Dose-response association between #adiposity and #liver cancer incidence: a prospective cohort study among non-smoking and non-alcohol drinking Chinese women

Background: Based on a population with very low prevalence of smoking and alcohol drinking, we examined the associations between overall obesity and fat distribution in middle age, obesity in early adulthood, and adult weight gain with the risk of liver cancer incidence. Methods: The associations between body mass index (BMI) at study enrollment and at age 20, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-to-hip ratio … Continue reading Dose-response association between #adiposity and #liver cancer incidence: a prospective cohort study among non-smoking and non-alcohol drinking Chinese women

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Diet, Infectivology, Pneumology

Vitamin #D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory #infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of aggregate data from randomised controlled trials

A 2017 meta-analysis of data from 25 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of vitamin D supplementation for the prevention of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) revealed a protective effect of this intervention. We aimed to examine the link between vitamin D supplementation and prevention of ARIs in an updated meta-analysis. Methods For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled … Continue reading Vitamin #D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory #infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of aggregate data from randomised controlled trials

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Diet, Gastroenterology, Infectivology

Cross-kingdom inhibition of bacterial virulence and communication by probiotic #yeast metabolites

Probiotic milk-fermented microorganism mixtures (e.g., yogurt, kefir) are perceived as contributing to human health, and possibly capable of protecting against bacterial infections. Co-existence of probiotic microorganisms are likely maintained via complex biomolecular mechanisms, secreted metabolites mediating cell-cell communication, and other yet-unknown biochemical pathways. In particular, deciphering molecular mechanisms by which probiotic microorganisms inhibit proliferation of pathogenic bacteria would be highly important for understanding both the … Continue reading Cross-kingdom inhibition of bacterial virulence and communication by probiotic #yeast metabolites

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Diet, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Oncology

#Metabolic syndrome and #gastric cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth diagnosed cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of death for cancer. Recent reports suggest that metabolic syndrome (MetS) has a role in etiology, progression or prognosis on GC. The aim of this study is to systematically review the evidence on the association between MetS and GC risk and prognosis. Methods Literature search was performed using the electronic databases … Continue reading #Metabolic syndrome and #gastric cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Diet

Effect of Early High-Dose Vitamin #D3 Repletion on Cognitive Outcomes in Critically Ill Adults

Long-term cognitive impairment frequently occurs after critical illness; no treatments are known to improve long-term cognition. Research Question Does a single high-dose (540,000 IU) enteral treatment of vitamin D3 given shortly after hospital admission in vitamin D deficient, critically-ill patients improve long-term global cognition or executive function? Study Design and Methods This study evaluated long-term cognitive outcomes among patients enrolled in a multicenter, blinded, randomized … Continue reading Effect of Early High-Dose Vitamin #D3 Repletion on Cognitive Outcomes in Critically Ill Adults

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Diet, Environment, Psychiatry

#Obesity and Responsiveness to #Food Marketing Before and After #Bariatric Surgery

Although food marketing is often accused of increasing population obesity, the relationship between individual responsiveness to marketing and obesity has yet to be established: Are people with obesity more responsive to food marketing and, if so, is it a stable trait or can it be reversed by bariatric surgery? We studied the responses to three common marketing tactics that frame foods and portions as healthier … Continue reading #Obesity and Responsiveness to #Food Marketing Before and After #Bariatric Surgery

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Cardiology, Diet, Psychiatry

#Cocoa Flavanols Improve Vascular Responses to Acute Mental #Stress in Young Healthy Adults

Mental stress has been shown to induce cardiovascular events, likely due to its negative impact on vascular function. Flavanols, plant-derived polyphenolic compounds, improve endothelial function and blood pressure (BP) in humans, however their effects during stress are not known. This study examined the effects of acute intake of cocoa flavanols on stress-induced changes on vascular function. In a randomised, controlled, double-blind, cross-over intervention study, 30 … Continue reading #Cocoa Flavanols Improve Vascular Responses to Acute Mental #Stress in Young Healthy Adults

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Diet

#Selenium supplementation inhibits #IGF-1 signaling and confers methionine restriction-like healthspan benefits to mice

Methionine restriction (MR) dramatically extends the healthspan of several organisms. Methionine-restricted rodents have less age-related pathology and increased longevity as compared with controls, and recent studies suggest that humans might benefit similarly. Mechanistically, it is likely that the decreased IGF-1 signaling that results from MR underlies the benefits of this regimen. Thus, we hypothesized that interventions that decrease IGF-1 signaling would also produce MR-like healthspan … Continue reading #Selenium supplementation inhibits #IGF-1 signaling and confers methionine restriction-like healthspan benefits to mice

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Diet, Infectivology

Association of Vitamin #D Levels, Race/Ethnicity, and Clinical Characteristics With #COVID-19 Test Results

Deficient (ie, <20 ng/mL) or insufficient (ie, 20 to <30 ng/mL) 25-hydroxyvitamin D (also known as calcifediol) levels are more common in Black individuals than White individuals and are associated with increased coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) risk. Whether COVID-19 risk is associated with differences in vitamin D levels of 30 ng/mL or greater is not known. Objective To examine whether COVID-19 test results are associated … Continue reading Association of Vitamin #D Levels, Race/Ethnicity, and Clinical Characteristics With #COVID-19 Test Results

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Diet, Gastroenterology

High-#Fiber, Whole-Food Dietary Intervention Alters the Human Gut #Microbiome but Not Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids

Dietary shifts can have a direct impact on the gut microbiome by preferentially selecting for microbes capable of utilizing the various dietary nutrients. The intake of dietary fiber has decreased precipitously in the last century, while consumption of processed foods has increased. Fiber, or microbiota-accessible carbohydrates (MACs), persist in the digestive tract and can be metabolized by specific bacteria encoding fiber-degrading enzymes. The digestion of … Continue reading High-#Fiber, Whole-Food Dietary Intervention Alters the Human Gut #Microbiome but Not Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids

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Diet

Investigating Molecular Mechanisms of Immunotoxicity and the Utility of #ToxCast for Immunotoxicity Screening of Chemicals Added to #Food

The development of high-throughput screening methodologies may decrease the need for laboratory animals for toxicity testing. Here, we investigate the potential of assessing immunotoxicity with high-throughput screening data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ToxCast program. As case studies, we analyzed the most common chemicals added to food as well as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) shown to migrate to food from packaging materials or … Continue reading Investigating Molecular Mechanisms of Immunotoxicity and the Utility of #ToxCast for Immunotoxicity Screening of Chemicals Added to #Food

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