Mental stress has been shown to induce cardiovascular events, likely due to its negative impact on vascular function. Flavanols, plant-derived polyphenolic compounds, improve endothelial function and blood pressure (BP) in humans, however their effects during stress are not known. This study examined the effects of acute intake of cocoa flavanols on stress-induced changes on vascular… Continue reading #Cocoa Flavanols Improve Vascular Responses to Acute Mental #Stress in Young Healthy Adults
Category: Diet
#Selenium supplementation inhibits #IGF-1 signaling and confers methionine restriction-like healthspan benefits to mice
Methionine restriction (MR) dramatically extends the healthspan of several organisms. Methionine-restricted rodents have less age-related pathology and increased longevity as compared with controls, and recent studies suggest that humans might benefit similarly. Mechanistically, it is likely that the decreased IGF-1 signaling that results from MR underlies the benefits of this regimen. Thus, we hypothesized that… Continue reading #Selenium supplementation inhibits #IGF-1 signaling and confers methionine restriction-like healthspan benefits to mice
Association of Vitamin #D Levels, Race/Ethnicity, and Clinical Characteristics With #COVID-19 Test Results
Deficient (ie, <20 ng/mL) or insufficient (ie, 20 to <30 ng/mL) 25-hydroxyvitamin D (also known as calcifediol) levels are more common in Black individuals than White individuals and are associated with increased coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) risk. Whether COVID-19 risk is associated with differences in vitamin D levels of 30 ng/mL or greater is not… Continue reading Association of Vitamin #D Levels, Race/Ethnicity, and Clinical Characteristics With #COVID-19 Test Results
High-#Fiber, Whole-Food Dietary Intervention Alters the Human Gut #Microbiome but Not Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids
Dietary shifts can have a direct impact on the gut microbiome by preferentially selecting for microbes capable of utilizing the various dietary nutrients. The intake of dietary fiber has decreased precipitously in the last century, while consumption of processed foods has increased. Fiber, or microbiota-accessible carbohydrates (MACs), persist in the digestive tract and can be… Continue reading High-#Fiber, Whole-Food Dietary Intervention Alters the Human Gut #Microbiome but Not Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids
Investigating Molecular Mechanisms of Immunotoxicity and the Utility of #ToxCast for Immunotoxicity Screening of Chemicals Added to #Food
The development of high-throughput screening methodologies may decrease the need for laboratory animals for toxicity testing. Here, we investigate the potential of assessing immunotoxicity with high-throughput screening data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ToxCast program. As case studies, we analyzed the most common chemicals added to food as well as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances… Continue reading Investigating Molecular Mechanisms of Immunotoxicity and the Utility of #ToxCast for Immunotoxicity Screening of Chemicals Added to #Food
Acute on Chronic Liver Failure From #Nonalcoholic Fatty #Liver Disease: A Growing and Aging Cohort With Rising Mortality
We assessed the burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)‐related acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) among transplant candidates in the United States, along with waitlist outcomes for this population. Approach and Results We analyzed the United Network for Organ Sharing registry from 2005 to 2017. Patients with ACLF were identified using the European Association… Continue reading Acute on Chronic Liver Failure From #Nonalcoholic Fatty #Liver Disease: A Growing and Aging Cohort With Rising Mortality
Acute #Liver Injury With Therapeutic Doses of #Acetaminophen: A Prospective Study
Because of the extensive use of this drug, further evaluation of acute liver injury (ALI) with therapeutic doses of acetaminophen (APAP; ≤6 g/d) is required. We characterize ALI with therapeutic doses of APAP and determine the host factors associated with disease severity and the predictors of outcome. Approach and Results All patients admitted with severe… Continue reading Acute #Liver Injury With Therapeutic Doses of #Acetaminophen: A Prospective Study
#Meat consumption and risk of incident #dementia: cohort study of 493,888 UK Biobank participants
Worldwide, the prevalence of dementia is increasing and diet as a modifiable factor could play a role. Meat consumption has been cross-sectionally associated with dementia risk, but specific amounts and types related to risk of incident dementia remain poorly understood. Objective We aimed to investigate associations between meat consumption and risk of incident dementia in… Continue reading #Meat consumption and risk of incident #dementia: cohort study of 493,888 UK Biobank participants
#Caffeine increases maximal #fat oxidation during a graded exercise test: is there a diurnal variation?
There is evidence that caffeine increases the maximal fat oxidation rate (MFO) and aerobic capacity, which are known to be lower in the morning than in the afternoon. This paper examines the effect of caffeine intake on the diurnal variation of MFO during a graded exercise test in active men. Methods Using a triple-blind, placebo-controlled,… Continue reading #Caffeine increases maximal #fat oxidation during a graded exercise test: is there a diurnal variation?
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