Category: Psychiatry

Infectivology, Psychiatry

Factors Associated With #Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to #Coronavirus Disease 2019

.. A total of 1257 of 1830 contacted individuals completed the survey, with a participation rate of 68.7%. A total of 813 (64.7%) were aged 26 to 40 years, and 964 (76.7%) were women. Of all participants, 764 (60.8%) were nurses, and 493 (39.2%) were physicians; 760 (60.5%) worked in hospitals in Wuhan, and 522 (41.5%) were frontline health care workers. A considerable proportion of … Continue reading Factors Associated With #Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to #Coronavirus Disease 2019

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Psychiatry

#Alcohol Use Disorder and Risk of #Suicide in a Swedish Population-Based Cohort

..The lifetime rate of suicide during the observation period was 3.54% for women and 3.94% for men with AUD, compared with 0.29% and 0.76% of women and men, respectively, without AUD. In adjusted analyses, AUD remained robustly associated with suicide: hazard ratios across observation periods ranged from 2.61 to 128.0 among women and from 2.44 to 28.0 among men. Co-relative analyses indicated that familial confounding … Continue reading #Alcohol Use Disorder and Risk of #Suicide in a Swedish Population-Based Cohort

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Gerontology, Psychiatry

Decreasing #Delirium Through #Music: A Randomized Pilot Trial

To determine the feasibility and acceptability of personalized music (PM), slow-tempo music (STM), and attention control (AC) in patients receiving mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit, and to estimate the effect of music on delirium.. ..Of the 1589 patients screened, 117 (7.4%) were eligible. Of those, 52 (44.4%) were randomized, with a recruitment rate of 5 patients per month. Adherence was higher in the … Continue reading Decreasing #Delirium Through #Music: A Randomized Pilot Trial

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Environment, Psychiatry

#Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for #alcohol use disorder

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) confers a prodigious burden of disease, disability, premature mortality, and high economic costs from lost productivity, accidents, violence, incarceration, and increased healthcare utilization. For over 80 years, Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) has been a widespread AUD recovery organization, with millions of members and treatment free at the point of access, but it is only recently that rigorous research on its effectiveness has … Continue reading #Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12‐step programs for #alcohol use disorder

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Psychiatry

Early- Versus Adult-Onset #Schizophrenia as a Predictor of Response to Neuroscience-Informed Cognitive Training

Developmental stages characterized by greater neural plasticity might be critical periods during which the effects of cognitive training (CT) could theoretically be maximized. However, experiencing a first episode of schizophrenia during childhood or adolescence (ie, early-onset schizophrenia [EOS]) may reduce the brain’s ability to benefit from CT. This study examined the effects of EOS versus onset at > 18 years of age (ie, adult-onset schizophrenia … Continue reading Early- Versus Adult-Onset #Schizophrenia as a Predictor of Response to Neuroscience-Informed Cognitive Training

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Pain, Psychiatry

Nutritional Factors, Physical Health and Immigrant Status Are Associated with Anxiety Disorders among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Findings from Baseline Data of The Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA)

..Of 26,991 participants (49.3% men, 82.5% Canadian born, 58.5% aged 45–65 years), the overall prevalence of self-reported physician diagnosis of anxiety disorders was 8.5%, with immigrants being lower than Canadian-born respondents (6.4% vs. 9.3%, p < 0.001). After accounting for all covariates, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for anxiety disorders was lower among immigrants (aOR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.67–0.88) compared to those who were … Continue reading Nutritional Factors, Physical Health and Immigrant Status Are Associated with Anxiety Disorders among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Findings from Baseline Data of The Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA)

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Psychiatry

The Contribution of #Sociocultural Factors in Shaping Self-Reported #Sickness Behavior

..Typical components of sickness behavior include reduced sociability and activity, changes in diet, and depressed affect. Importantly, however, sickness behavior appears to be subject to other demands of life history in animal models, including reproduction and offspring survival. ..After post-stratification weighting and correction for Type I error, generalized linear models showed that sickness behavior is significantly affected by various factors across sex and racial/ethnic groupings. … Continue reading The Contribution of #Sociocultural Factors in Shaping Self-Reported #Sickness Behavior

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Psychiatry

Let it be: #mindful acceptance down-regulates pain and negative emotion

Mindfulness training ameliorates clinical and self-report measures of depression and chronic pain, but its use as an emotion regulation strategy—in individuals who do not meditate—remains understudied. As such, whether it (i) down-regulates early affective brain processes or (ii) depends on cognitive control systems remains unclear. We exposed meditation-naïve participants to two kinds of stimuli: negative vs. neutral images and painful vs. warm temperatures. On alternating … Continue reading Let it be: #mindful acceptance down-regulates pain and negative emotion

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Neurology, Psychiatry

The association between actor/partner #optimism and #cognitive functioning among older couples

Higher optimism has been linked with health, well‐being, and cognitive functioning. Spouses also play an important role on people’s health, especially in older adulthood.. ..Optimism was assessed at baseline (t1) and cognition was measured every two years with up to five repeated assessments of cognition data over the 8‐year follow‐up period (t1; t2; t3; t4; t5). Results Results from multi‐level dyadic data analyses showed small … Continue reading The association between actor/partner #optimism and #cognitive functioning among older couples

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Gastroenterology, Psychiatry

Gut #microbiota composition during infancy and subsequent #behavioural outcomes

..The faecal microbiota were analysed at 1, 6, and 12 months of age. Behavioural outcomes were measured at 2 years of age. Findings In an unselected birth cohort, we found a clear association between decreased normalised abundance of Prevotella in faecal samples collected at 12 months of age and increased behavioural problems at 2 years, in particular Internalizing Problem scores. This association appeared independent of … Continue reading Gut #microbiota composition during infancy and subsequent #behavioural outcomes

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Psychiatry

Association of #Depression, #Anxiety, and Trauma With #Cannabis Use During Pregnancy

..Depression, anxiety, and trauma diagnoses and symptoms were associated with higher odds of cannabis use among pregnant women in California. These results support previous qualitative findings that pregnant women self-report using cannabis to manage mood and stress and suggest a dose-response association, with higher odds of cannabis use associated with co-occurring depressive and anxiety disorders and greater depression severity. However, research is needed to determine … Continue reading Association of #Depression, #Anxiety, and Trauma With #Cannabis Use During Pregnancy

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Psychiatry, Sports

Thalamic Gamma Aminobutyric Acid Level Changes in Major #Depressive Disorder After a 12-Week Iyengar Yoga and Coherent #Breathing Intervention

To determine if a 12-week yoga intervention (YI) was associated with increased gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels and decreased depressive symptoms in participants with major depressive disorder (MDD). Subjects were randomized to a high-dose group (HDG) of three YIs a week and a low-dose group (LDG) of two YIs a week. ..BDI-II scores improved significantly in both groups. GABA levels from Scan-1 to Scan-3 and … Continue reading Thalamic Gamma Aminobutyric Acid Level Changes in Major #Depressive Disorder After a 12-Week Iyengar Yoga and Coherent #Breathing Intervention

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