Efforts to alleviate the psychological distress of gender dysphoria have included the use of exogenous estrogen (often with anti-androgens) to alter secondary sex characteristics of natal males. In response to the rapid increase in presenting cases among young people, extensive scrutiny has now been brought to bear on these medical interventions for minors, with ESCAP… Continue reading Emerging and accumulating safety signals for the use of #estrogen among #transgender women
Early prenatal #nitrate exposure and #birth outcomes: A study of Iowa’s public drinking water (1970–1988)
Despite the biological mechanisms linking prenatal nitrate exposure to birth outcomes, epidemiological research has been inconclusive. The evidence-base has been limited by where and how nitrate exposure was measured, and the spurious correlation between geotemporal nitrate heterogeneity and unmeasurable factors contributing to gestational age and birth weight. We linked Iowa water quality data and birth… Continue reading Early prenatal #nitrate exposure and #birth outcomes: A study of Iowa’s public drinking water (1970–1988)
0350 Objectively-Assessed #Napping Behaviors Predict #Mortality in Middle-to-Older Aged #Adults
IntroductionSelf-reported daytime napping is associated with various adverse health outcomes. We examined whether actigraphy-measured objective daytime napping behaviors predict all-cause mortality in middle-to-older aged adults in the UK Biobank.MethodsWe studied 86,565 participants (baseline age=63 years, SD=8, range: 43-79; 57% female) in the UK Biobank who did not have shiftwork history, completed a 7-day actigraphy monitoring,… Continue reading 0350 Objectively-Assessed #Napping Behaviors Predict #Mortality in Middle-to-Older Aged #Adults
Preventing #pressure #ulcers by increasing pressure: An unorthodox alternating-pressure mattress
Despite the devastating effects of pressure ulcers (PUs), little is understood about how they can be prevented using alternating-pressure (AP) mattresses. Such mattresses typically aim to minimize the pressures imparted while alternating between different states of pressure to prevent areas of tissue from being persistently occluded of blood flow. In this work, we built an… Continue reading Preventing #pressure #ulcers by increasing pressure: An unorthodox alternating-pressure mattress
Hybrid hydrogel–extracellular matrix scaffolds identify biochemical and mechanical signatures of #cardiac #ageing
Extracellular matrix remodelling of cardiac tissue is a key contributor to age-related cardiovascular disease and dysfunction. Such remodelling is multifaceted including changes to the biochemical composition, architecture and mechanics, clouding our understanding of how and which extracellular matrix properties contribute to a dysfunctional state. Here we describe a decellularized extracellular matrix–synthetic hydrogel hybrid scaffold that… Continue reading Hybrid hydrogel–extracellular matrix scaffolds identify biochemical and mechanical signatures of #cardiac #ageing
Your #Brain on ChatGPT: Accumulation of #Cognitive Debt when Using an #AI Assistant for Essay Writing Task
This study explores the neural and behavioral consequences of LLM-assisted essay writing. Participants were divided into three groups: LLM, Search Engine, and Brain-only (no tools). Each completed three sessions under the same condition. In a fourth session, LLM users were reassigned to Brain-only group (LLM-to-Brain), and Brain-only users were reassigned to LLM condition (Brain-to-LLM). A… Continue reading Your #Brain on ChatGPT: Accumulation of #Cognitive Debt when Using an #AI Assistant for Essay Writing Task
#Rapamycin, Not #Metformin, Mirrors #Dietary Restriction-Driven #Lifespan Extension in Vertebrates: A Meta-Analysis
Dietary restriction (DR) robustly increases lifespan across taxa. However, in humans, long-term DR is difficult to maintain, leading to the search for compounds that regulate metabolism and increase lifespan without reducing caloric intake. The magnitude of lifespan extension from two such compounds, rapamycin and metformin, remains inconclusive, particularly in vertebrates. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis… Continue reading #Rapamycin, Not #Metformin, Mirrors #Dietary Restriction-Driven #Lifespan Extension in Vertebrates: A Meta-Analysis
#Fecal #metabolite profiling identifies critically #ill patients with increased 30-day #mortality
Critically ill patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit (MICU) have reduced intestinal microbiota diversity and altered microbiome-associated metabolite concentrations. Metabolites produced by the gut microbiota have been associated with survival of patients receiving complex medical treatments and thus might represent a treatable trait to improve clinical outcomes. We prospectively collected fecal specimens, defined… Continue reading #Fecal #metabolite profiling identifies critically #ill patients with increased 30-day #mortality
Human– #AI collectives most accurately #diagnose #clinical vignettes
Large language models (LLMs) have great potential for high-stakes applications such as medical diagnostics but face challenges including hallucinations, biases, and lack of common sense. We address these limitations through a hybrid human–AI system that combines physicians’ expertise with LLMs to generate accurate differential medical diagnoses. Analyzing over 2,000 text-based medical case vignettes, hybrid collectives… Continue reading Human– #AI collectives most accurately #diagnose #clinical vignettes
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