Evidence supports moderate-to-large reductions in anxiety, depression, and perceived stress after smoking cessation; however, much of the available evidence has focused on young adults. Therefore, this study quantified associations between smoking and smoking cessation on prevalent and incident generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depression (MDD) in a nationally representative sample of Irish older adults.… Continue reading Dynamic Associations Between #Anxiety, #Depression, and #Tobacco Use in Older Adults: Results From The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing
Face #masks effectively limit the probability of #SARS-CoV-2 transmission
Airborne transmission by droplets and aerosols is important for the spread of viruses. Face masks are a well-established preventive measure, but their effectiveness for mitigating SARS-CoV-2 transmission is still under debate. We show that variations in mask efficacy can be explained by different regimes of virus abundance and related to population-average infection probability and reproduction… Continue reading Face #masks effectively limit the probability of #SARS-CoV-2 transmission
XCR1+ type 1 conventional #dendritic cells drive liver pathology in non-alcoholic #steatohepatitis
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are prevalent liver conditions that underlie the development of life-threatening cirrhosis, liver failure and liver cancer. Chronic necro-inflammation is a critical factor in development of NASH, yet the cellular and molecular mechanisms of immune dysregulation in this disease are poorly understood. Here, using single-cell transcriptomic analysis,… Continue reading XCR1+ type 1 conventional #dendritic cells drive liver pathology in non-alcoholic #steatohepatitis
Collectivism predicts #mask use during #COVID-19
Since its outbreak, COVID-19 has impacted world regions differentially. Whereas some regions still record tens of thousands of new infections daily, other regions have contained the virus. What explains these striking regional differences? We advance a cultural psychological perspective on mask usage, a precautionary measure vital for curbing the pandemic. Four large-scale studies provide evidence… Continue reading Collectivism predicts #mask use during #COVID-19
Association of #Mitochondrial Biogenesis With Variable Penetrance of #Schizophrenia
Discovery of mechanisms that underlie variable penetrance for neuropsychiatric illness in the context of genetic variants that carry elevated risk can advance novel treatment approaches for these disorders. Objective To test the hypothesis that mitochondrial compensation is associated with the variable penetrance of schizophrenia in the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS). Design, Setting, and Participants This… Continue reading Association of #Mitochondrial Biogenesis With Variable Penetrance of #Schizophrenia
Associations of #cognitive performance with #cardiovascular magnetic resonance phenotypes in the UK Biobank
Existing evidence suggests links between brain and cardiovascular health. We investigated associations between cognitive performance and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) phenotypes in the UK Biobank, considering a range of potential confounders. Methods and resultsWe studied 29 763 participants with CMR and cognitive testing, specifically, fluid intelligence (FI, 13 verbal-numeric reasoning questions), and reaction time (RT, a… Continue reading Associations of #cognitive performance with #cardiovascular magnetic resonance phenotypes in the UK Biobank
#Antihypertensives and #Statin Therapy for Primary #Stroke Prevention
The HOPE-3 trial (Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation–3) found that antihypertensive therapy combined with a statin reduced first stroke among people at intermediate cardiovascular risk. We report secondary analyses of stroke outcomes by stroke subtype, predictors, treatment effects in key subgroups. Methods:Using a 2-by-2 factorial design, 12 705 participants from 21 countries with vascular risk factors… Continue reading #Antihypertensives and #Statin Therapy for Primary #Stroke Prevention
The associations between prenatal #cannabis use disorder and neonatal outcomes
Background and AimsCannabis use disorder (CUD) during pregnancy has increased dramatically in the United States (US). This study examined the associations between prenatal CUD and adverse neonatal outcomes and heterogeneities in the associations by mothers’ tobacco use status and race/ethnicity. DesignPopulation-based, retrospective cohort study. SettingCalifornia, USA. ParticipantsA total of 4.83 million mothers who delivered a… Continue reading The associations between prenatal #cannabis use disorder and neonatal outcomes
Clinical outcomes in a large registry of patients with major #depressive disorder treated with Transcranial #Magnetic Stimulation
Clinical outcomes were examined in the largest registry of patients treated for an episode of major depressive disorder. •The registry included more than more than 5,000 patients treated with TMS at more than 100 private practice sites. •Self-report and clinician ratings showed robust antidepressant effects, greater than those in the early studies of TMS. •Efficacy… Continue reading Clinical outcomes in a large registry of patients with major #depressive disorder treated with Transcranial #Magnetic Stimulation
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