Our current understanding of immunity to pathogens suggests that anatomic coupling of antigens with danger signals is a required feature for the formation of immune memory. However, in the context of pathogen-independent inflammation, the stringency of this anatomical coupling is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that multiple modes of skin injury were sufficient to induce a… Continue reading #Skin damage signals mediate #allergic sensitization to spatially unlinked antigen
GLP-1RA and SGLT2i Medications for Type 2 #Diabetes and #Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias
Importance The association between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) and risk of Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD) remains to be confirmed.Objective To assess the risk of ADRD associated with GLP-1RAs and SGLT2is in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Design, Setting, and Participants This target trial emulation study used electronic… Continue reading GLP-1RA and SGLT2i Medications for Type 2 #Diabetes and #Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias
Sociodemographic #biases in medical decision making by large language models
Large language models (LLMs) show promise in healthcare, but concerns remain that they may produce medically unjustified clinical care recommendations reflecting the influence of patients’ sociodemographic characteristics. We evaluated nine LLMs, analyzing over 1.7 million model-generated outputs from 1,000 emergency department cases (500 real and 500 synthetic). Each case was presented in 32 variations (31… Continue reading Sociodemographic #biases in medical decision making by large language models
Immune and metabolic effects of African heritage #diets versus Western diets in men: a randomized controlled trial
African heritage diets are increasingly being replaced by Western-style dietary patterns because of urbanization, economic development, increased access to processed foods, globalization and changing social norms. The health consequences of this nutrition transition are not well understood. We conducted a randomized controlled trial in the Kilimanjaro region in Northern Tanzania to investigate the immune and… Continue reading Immune and metabolic effects of African heritage #diets versus Western diets in men: a randomized controlled trial
Share onGlobal Effect of #Cardiovascular Risk Factors on Lifetime Estimates
Five risk factors account for approximately 50% of the global burden of cardiovascular disease. How the presence or absence of classic risk factors affects lifetime estimates of cardiovascular disease and death from any cause remains unclear.MethodsWe harmonized individual-level data from 2,078,948 participants across 133 cohorts, 39 countries, and 6 continents. Lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease… Continue reading Share onGlobal Effect of #Cardiovascular Risk Factors on Lifetime Estimates
Marital status and risk of #dementia over 18 years: Surprising findings from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center
Marital status is a potential risk/protective factor for adverse health outcomes. This study tested whether marital status was associated with dementia risk in older adults.METHODSParticipants (N = 24,107; Meanage = 71.79) were from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center. Cox regressions tested the association between baseline marital status and clinically ascertained dementia over up to 18… Continue reading Marital status and risk of #dementia over 18 years: Surprising findings from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center
Non-caloric #sweetener effects on brain appetite regulation in individuals across varying body #weights
Sucralose, a widely used non-caloric sweetener, provides sweet taste without calories. Some studies suggest that non-caloric sweeteners stimulate appetite, possibly owing to the delivery of a sweet taste without the post-ingestive metabolic signals that normally communicate with the hypothalamus to suppress hunger. In a randomized crossover trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02945475), 75 young adults (healthy weight,… Continue reading Non-caloric #sweetener effects on brain appetite regulation in individuals across varying body #weights
Association of Accelerometer‐Derived #Physical Activity Pattern With the Risks of All‐Cause, #Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer Death
Current guidelines suggest engaging in a minimum of 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) each week to support overall health. However, the effect of concentrated versus evenly distributed physical activity (PA) on health outcomes remains uncertain. This study aims to investigate the associations of “weekend warrior” pattern, where most MVPA is completed… Continue reading Association of Accelerometer‐Derived #Physical Activity Pattern With the Risks of All‐Cause, #Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer Death
Lower slow wave #sleep and rapid eye movement sleep are associated with brain #atrophy of AD-vulnerable regions
Study Objectives:Sleep deficiency is associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. We examined the association of sleep architecture with anatomical features observed in AD: (1) atrophy of hippocampus, entorhinal, inferior parietal, parahippocampal, precuneus, and cuneus regions (“AD-vulnerable regions”) and (2) cerebral microbleeds.Methods:In 270 participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in the Communities Study, we examined the association… Continue reading Lower slow wave #sleep and rapid eye movement sleep are associated with brain #atrophy of AD-vulnerable regions
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