Category: Pneumology

Infectivology, Pediatry, Pneumology

Antibiotic Use and Outcomes in Children in the Emergency Department With Suspected #Pneumonia

Antibiotic therapy is often prescribed for suspected community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children despite a lack of knowledge of causative pathogen. Our objective in this study was to investigate the association between antibiotic prescription and treatment failure in children with suspected CAP who are discharged from the hospital emergency department (ED).. ..Of 337 eligible children, 294 were matched on the basis of propensity score. There was … Continue reading Antibiotic Use and Outcomes in Children in the Emergency Department With Suspected #Pneumonia

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Infectivology, Pneumology

Risk Factors Associated With Acute #Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients With #Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease that was first reported in Wuhan, China, and has subsequently spread worldwide. Risk factors for the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 pneumonia have not yet been well delineated.. ..Of 201 patients, the median age was 51 years (interquartile range, 43-60 years), and 128 (63.7%) patients were men. Eighty-four patients (41.8%) developed ARDS, and of those 84 patients, … Continue reading Risk Factors Associated With Acute #Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients With #Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China

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Dentistry, Gerontology, Pneumology

#Periodontitis increases the risk of respiratory disease mortality in older patients

Evidence for an association between periodontitis and respiratory disease in the older patients is limited.. ..We found that periodontitis was associated with total respiratory disease mortality. Compared with healthy participants, the hazards ratio and 95% confidence interval for total respiratory disease mortality in patients with severe periodontitis was 2.72(1.04,7.11) after adjusting for relevant confounding variables. With increasing severity of periodontitis, risks for chronic obstructive pulmonary … Continue reading #Periodontitis increases the risk of respiratory disease mortality in older patients

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Environment, Pneumology

Human transport of thirdhand tobacco #smoke: A prominent source of hazardous air pollutants into indoor nonsmoking environments

The contamination of indoor nonsmoking environments with thirdhand smoke (THS) is an important, poorly understood public health concern. Real-time THS off-gassing from smokers into a nonsmoking movie theater was observed with online and offline high-resolution mass spectrometry. Prominent emission events of THS tracers (e.g., 2,5-dimethylfuran, 2-methylfuran, and acetonitrile) and other tobacco-related volatile organic compounds (VOCs) coincided with the arrival of certain moviegoers and left residual … Continue reading Human transport of thirdhand tobacco #smoke: A prominent source of hazardous air pollutants into indoor nonsmoking environments

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Infectivology, Pneumology

Pharmacologic Therapies in Patients With Exacerbation of Chronic #Obstructive #Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis

..Compared with placebo or management without antibiotics, antibiotics given for 3 to 14 days were associated with increased exacerbation resolution at the end of the intervention (odds ratio [OR], 2.03 [95% CI, 1.47 to 2.80]; moderate SOE) and less treatment failure at the end of the intervention (OR, 0.54 [CI, 0.34 to 0.86]; moderate SOE), independent of severity of exacerbations in out- and inpatients. Compared … Continue reading Pharmacologic Therapies in Patients With Exacerbation of Chronic #Obstructive #Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis

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Pneumology

Lung #MRI as a Potential Complementary Diagnostic Tool for Early #COPD

Many knowledge gaps in the nature of early chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) still exist, mainly because COPD has always been considered a disease of the elderly. Little attention has been paid to the pathologic changes in the lungs of young adults with risk factors for COPD, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia. One major limitation is the current lack of noninvasive ways to sensitively measure or … Continue reading Lung #MRI as a Potential Complementary Diagnostic Tool for Early #COPD

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Infectivology, Pneumology

Empirical Anti-#MRSA vs Standard Antibiotic Therapy and Risk of 30-Day Mortality in Patients Hospitalized for #Pneumonia

..Compared with standard therapy alone, in weighted propensity score analysis, empirical anti-MRSA therapy plus standard therapy was significantly associated with an increased adjusted risk of death (adjusted risk ratio [aRR], 1.4 [95% CI, 1.3-1.5]), kidney injury (aRR, 1.4 [95% CI, 1.3-1.5]), and secondary C difficile infections (aRR, 1.6 [95% CI, 1.3-1.9]), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp infections (aRR, 1.6 [95% CI, 1.0-2.3]), and secondary gram-negative rod infections … Continue reading Empirical Anti-#MRSA vs Standard Antibiotic Therapy and Risk of 30-Day Mortality in Patients Hospitalized for #Pneumonia

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Cardiology, Pneumology

Persistent #Asthma is Associated with Increased Risk for Incident Atrial #Fibrillation in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

Asthma and atrial fibrillation (AF) share an underlying inflammatory pathophysiology. We hypothesized that persistent asthmatics are at higher risk for developing AF and that this association would be attenuated by adjustment for baseline markers of systemic inflammation. ..Persistent asthma was defined as asthma requiring use of controller medications. Intermittent asthma was defined as asthma without use of controller medications.. ..In risk-factor adjusted models, persistent asthmatics … Continue reading Persistent #Asthma is Associated with Increased Risk for Incident Atrial #Fibrillation in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

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Cardiology, Pneumology

FDA Authorizes Marketing of First Cardiac #Ultrasound Software That Uses Artificial #Intelligence to Guide User

..the U.S. Food and Drug Administration authorized marketing of software to assist medical professionals in the acquisition of cardiac ultrasound, or echocardiography, images. The software, called Caption Guidance, is an accessory to compatible diagnostic ultrasound systems and uses artificial intelligence to help the user capture images of a patient’s heart that are of acceptable diagnostic quality. The Caption Guidance software is indicated for use in … Continue reading FDA Authorizes Marketing of First Cardiac #Ultrasound Software That Uses Artificial #Intelligence to Guide User

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Pneumology

Sex Steroid #Hormones and #Asthma in a Nationwide Study of U.S. Adults

Women have a higher burden of asthma than men. Although sex hormones may explain sex differences in asthma, their role is unclear.. ..Free testosterone levels in the fourth quartile were associated with lower odds of current asthma in women (odds ratio [OR] for the fourth quartile [Q4] vs. Q1, 0.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39–0.80). Given an interaction between obesity and sex hormones on current … Continue reading Sex Steroid #Hormones and #Asthma in a Nationwide Study of U.S. Adults

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Oncology, Pneumology, Urology

Electronic-#cigarette smoke induces #lung adenocarcinoma and #bladder urothelial hyperplasia in mice

Electronic-cigarettes (E-cigs) are marketed as a safe alternative to tobacco to deliver the stimulant nicotine, and their use is gaining in popularity, particularly among the younger population. We recently showed that mice exposed to short-term (12 wk) E-cig smoke (ECS) sustained extensive DNA damage in lungs, heart, and bladder mucosa and diminished DNA repair in lungs.. ..We found that mice exposed to ECS for 54 … Continue reading Electronic-#cigarette smoke induces #lung adenocarcinoma and #bladder urothelial hyperplasia in mice

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Pneumology, Sports

#C-reactive protein mediates the association between leisure-time physical #activity and #lung function in middle-aged and older adults

Although previous studies have reported the benefits of physical activity (PA) to lung function in middle-aged and older adults, the biological mechanisms are still unclear.. ..Multiple linear regression models suggested that higher PA was associated with lower levels of CRP (β = − 0.048, P = 0.002 for moderate PA; β = − 0.108, P < 0.001 for high PA). CRP negatively correlated with FEV1 (β = − 0.180, P < 0.001) and FVC (β = − 0.181, P < 0.001). Higher levels of PA … Continue reading #C-reactive protein mediates the association between leisure-time physical #activity and #lung function in middle-aged and older adults

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