Category: Pneumology

Oncology, Pneumology

Calculated indices of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhalation for #lung #cancer screening and early detection

Breath analysis is a promising noninvasive technique that offers a wide range of opportunities to facilitate early diagnosis of lung cancer (LC). Method Exhaled breath samples of 352 subjects including 160 with lung cancer (LC), 70 with benign pulmonary nodule (BPN) and 122 healthy controls (HC) were analyzed through thermal desorption coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC–MS) to obtain the metabolic information from volatile organic … Continue reading Calculated indices of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhalation for #lung #cancer screening and early detection

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Gynaecology, Pediatry, Pneumology

#Antibiotic exposure during pregnancy and childhood #asthma: a national birth cohort study investigating timing of exposure and mode of delivery

…A total of 5522 (17%) children were born to mothers exposed to antibiotics during pregnancy. In adjusted analyses, children born to exposed mothers had higher odds of asthma (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.24). There was no association with antibiotic exposure in the first trimester (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.26), but higher odds were observed for antibiotic exposure in the second to … Continue reading #Antibiotic exposure during pregnancy and childhood #asthma: a national birth cohort study investigating timing of exposure and mode of delivery

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Oncology, Pneumology

#Cancer Statistics, 2021

Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths in the United States and compiles the most recent data on population‐based cancer occurrence. Incidence data (through 2017) were collected by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program; the National Program of Cancer Registries; and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Mortality data (through 2018) were collected by … Continue reading #Cancer Statistics, 2021

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Pneumology

Distinct developmental pathways from blood #monocytes generate human #lung macrophage diversity

The study of human macrophages and their ontogeny is an important unresolved issue. Here, we use a humanized mouse model expressing human cytokines to dissect the development of lung macrophages from human hematopoiesis in vivo. Human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) generated three macrophage populations, occupying separate anatomical niches in the lung. Intravascular cell labeling, cell transplantation, and fate-mapping studies established that classical … Continue reading Distinct developmental pathways from blood #monocytes generate human #lung macrophage diversity

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Pneumology

When to Use Initial Triple Therapy in #COPD: Adding a LAMA to ICS/LABA by Clinically Important Deterioration Assessment

Triple therapy versus dual therapy for chronic pulmonary obstructive disease (COPD) can reduce symptoms, limit the risk of acute exacerbations (AEs) as well as improve lung function. Currently, studies that feature clinically important deterioration (CID) as a composite endpoint to assess the need for treatment intensification for patients maintained on dual therapy remained to be scarce. Patients and Methods: This study is a retrospective analysis … Continue reading When to Use Initial Triple Therapy in #COPD: Adding a LAMA to ICS/LABA by Clinically Important Deterioration Assessment

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Infectivology, Pneumology

Poor outcome of #SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with severe #asthma on biologic therapy

It is unclear whether asthma and asthma medications increase or decrease the risk of severe COVID-19, and this is particularly true for patients with severe asthma receiving biologics. Objectives The aim of this study was to assess incidence and disease course of COVID-19 in patients with severe asthma on biologic therapy (omalizumab, mepolizumab, reslizumab, benralizumab, dupilumab), as compared with COVID-19 data from the general Dutch … Continue reading Poor outcome of #SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with severe #asthma on biologic therapy

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Infectivology, Pneumology

Effectiveness of #Prone Positioning in Nonintubated Intensive Care Unit Patients With Moderate to Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome by #Coronavirus Disease 2019

In the treatment for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends prone positioning (PP) during mechanical ventilation for periods of 12–16 h/d to potentially improve oxygenation and survival. In this prospective observational study, we evaluated the ability of long PP sessions to improve oxygenation in awake intensive care unit (ICU) patients with moderate or severe … Continue reading Effectiveness of #Prone Positioning in Nonintubated Intensive Care Unit Patients With Moderate to Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome by #Coronavirus Disease 2019

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Pneumology

Managing #Asthma in Adolescents and Adults 2020 Asthma Guideline Update From the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program

Asthma is a major public health problem worldwide and is associated with excess morbidity, mortality, and economic costs associated with lost productivity. The National Asthma Education and Prevention Program has released the 2020 Asthma Guideline Update with updated evidence-based recommendations for treatment of patients with asthma.. ..From 20 572 identified references, 475 were included in the 6 systematic reviews to form the evidence basis for these … Continue reading Managing #Asthma in Adolescents and Adults 2020 Asthma Guideline Update From the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program

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Infectivology, Pneumology

Interrelationships between small airways dysfunction, neutrophilic #inflammation and exacerbation frequency in #COPD

Small airways disease (SAD) is a key component of COPD and is a main contributing factor to lung function decline.. ..Thirty nine COPD subjects defined as either frequent exacerbators ( ≥ 2 exacerbations per year, n = 17) and infrequent exacerbators (≤1 exacerbation per year, n = 22) underwent Forced Oscillation Technique (R5-R19, AX), multiple breath nitrogen washout (S cond, S acin), plethysmography (RV/TLC), single … Continue reading Interrelationships between small airways dysfunction, neutrophilic #inflammation and exacerbation frequency in #COPD

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Hepatology, Infectivology, Pneumology

JAK inhibition reduces #SARS-CoV-2 #liver infectivity and modulates inflammatory responses to reduce morbidity and mortality

Using AI we identified baricitinib as possessing anti-viral and anti-cytokine efficacy. We now show a 71% (95% CI 0.15-0.58) mortality benefit in 83 patients with moderate-severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia with few drug-induced adverse events, including a large elderly cohort (median age 81 years). A further 48 cases with mild-moderate pneumonia recovered uneventfully. Using organotypic 3D cultures of primary human liver cells, we demonstrate that interferon-alpha-2 (IFNα2) … Continue reading JAK inhibition reduces #SARS-CoV-2 #liver infectivity and modulates inflammatory responses to reduce morbidity and mortality

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Pneumology

Home #Oxygen Therapy for Adults with Chronic #Lung Disease. An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline

Evidence-based guidelines are needed for effective delivery of home oxygen therapy to appropriate patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and interstitial lung disease (ILD). Methods: The multidisciplinary panel created six research questions using a modified Delphi approach. A systematic review of the literature was completed, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was used to formulate clinical recommendations. Recommendations: The panel … Continue reading Home #Oxygen Therapy for Adults with Chronic #Lung Disease. An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline

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Pneumology, Tech

A randomised controlled feasibility trial of E-health application supported care vs usual care after exacerbation of #COPD: the RESCUE trial

Exacerbations of COPD are one of the commonest causes of admission and readmission to hospital. The role of digital interventions to support self-management in improving outcomes is uncertain. We conducted an open, randomised controlled trial of a digital health platform application (app) in 41 COPD patients recruited following hospital admission with an acute exacerbation. Subjects were randomised to either receive usual care, including a written … Continue reading A randomised controlled feasibility trial of E-health application supported care vs usual care after exacerbation of #COPD: the RESCUE trial

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