The pathogenesis of Lewy body diseases (LBDs), including Parkinson’s disease (PD), involves α-synuclein (α-Syn) aggregation that originates in peripheral organs and spreads to the brain. PD incidence is increased in individuals with chronic renal failure, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here we observed α-Syn deposits in the kidneys of patients with LBDs and in… Continue reading Propagation of pathologic α-synuclein from #kidney to brain may contribute to #Parkinson’s disease
Age and Sex Differences in Efficacy of Treatments for Type 2 #DiabetesA Network Meta-Analysis
Question Does the efficacy of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors vary by age and sex among individuals with type 2 diabetes?Findings In this systematic review and network meta-analysis of 601 eligible trials (including 103 trials with individual participant data), there was a greater reduction in the risk… Continue reading Age and Sex Differences in Efficacy of Treatments for Type 2 #DiabetesA Network Meta-Analysis
Effects of Vegetable and Fruit #Juicing on Gut and Oral #Microbiome Composition
Background: In recent years, juicing has often been promoted as a convenient way to increase fruit and vegetable intake, with juice-only diets marketed for digestive cleansing and overall health improvement. However, juicing removes most insoluble fiber, which may diminish the health benefits of whole fruits and vegetables. Lower fiber intake can alter the microbiota, affecting… Continue reading Effects of Vegetable and Fruit #Juicing on Gut and Oral #Microbiome Composition
Low-coverage whole genome sequencing of low-grade #dysplasia strongly predicts advanced neoplasia risk in ulcerative #colitis
Background The risk of developing advanced neoplasia (AN; colorectal cancer and/or high-grade dysplasia) in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients with a low-grade dysplasia (LGD) lesion is variable and difficult to predict. This is a major challenge for effective clinical management.Objective We aimed to provide accurate AN risk stratification in UC patients with LGD. We hypothesised that… Continue reading Low-coverage whole genome sequencing of low-grade #dysplasia strongly predicts advanced neoplasia risk in ulcerative #colitis
Development of a rapid antigen-based lateral flow assay for tick-borne spotted fever #rickettsioses
Tick-borne spotted fever rickettsioses (SFRs) continue to cause severe illness and death in otherwise-healthy individuals due to lack of a timely and reliable diagnostic laboratory test. We recently identified a diagnostic biomarker for SFRs, the putative N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase RC0497. Here, we developed a prototype laboratory test that targets RC0497 for diagnosis of SFRs. The concentrations… Continue reading Development of a rapid antigen-based lateral flow assay for tick-borne spotted fever #rickettsioses
Oral #microbiome and nitric oxide biomarkers in older people with mild #cognitive impairment and APOE4 genotype
AbstractApolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) genotype and nitric oxide (NO) deficiency are risk factors for age-associated cognitive decline. The oral microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining NO bioavailability during aging. The aim of this study was to assess interactions between the oral microbiome, NO biomarkers, and cognitive function in 60 participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI)… Continue reading Oral #microbiome and nitric oxide biomarkers in older people with mild #cognitive impairment and APOE4 genotype
Real-Time Assessment of #Alcohol Reward, Stimulation, and Negative Affect in Individuals With and Without Alcohol Use Disorder and #Depressive Disorders
Objective:The allostasis theory states that, as addiction develops, alcohol is consumed to relieve negative affect rather than to produce positive effects. This study aimed to investigate the real-time subjective effects of alcohol in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and those prone to negative affect by virtue of having comorbid depressive disorder (DEP).Methods:Participants (N=221) completed… Continue reading Real-Time Assessment of #Alcohol Reward, Stimulation, and Negative Affect in Individuals With and Without Alcohol Use Disorder and #Depressive Disorders
#Sugar-sweetened beverage intake, gut #microbiota, circulating metabolites, and #diabetes risk in Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos
Highlights• Sugar-sweetened beverage intake was associated with nine gut bacteria abundances• These bacteria were correlated with aromatic and branched-chain amino acid metabolites• These bacteria were correlated with glycerophospholipids• These gut microbial metabolites were associated with diabetes risk SummaryNo population-based studies examined gut microbiota and related metabolites associated with sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake among US adults.… Continue reading #Sugar-sweetened beverage intake, gut #microbiota, circulating metabolites, and #diabetes risk in Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos
Subcellular #NAD+ pools are interconnected and buffered by mitochondrial NAD+
The coenzyme NAD+ is consumed by signalling enzymes, including poly-ADP-ribosyltransferases (PARPs) and sirtuins. Ageing is associated with a decrease in cellular NAD+ levels, but how cells cope with persistently decreased NAD+ concentrations is unclear. Here, we show that subcellular NAD+ pools are interconnected, with mitochondria acting as a rheostat to maintain NAD+ levels upon excessive… Continue reading Subcellular #NAD+ pools are interconnected and buffered by mitochondrial NAD+
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