BACKGROUND AND AIMSEvidence supports a carcinogenic role of Escherichia coli carrying the polyketide synthase (pks) island that encodes enzymes for colibactin biosynthesis. We hypothesized that the association of western-style diet (rich in red and processed meat) with colorectal cancer incidence might be stronger for tumors containing higher amounts of pks+ E. coli.METHODSWestern diet score was… Continue reading Western-style Diet, pks Island-Carrying Escherichia coli, and Colorectal Cancer: Analyses from Two Large Prospective Cohort Studies
Category: Gastroenterology
Robust variation in infant gut microbiome assembly across a spectrum of lifestyles
Establishing early diversityHumans living an urbanized lifestyle in industrialized countries tend to have less diverse microbiota than people living more rural existences. Using fecal 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, Olm et al. found that after the first 6 months of life, the microbiome of infants living in contrasting environments diverged from Bifidobacteria-dominated assemblages. Deep metagenomic sequencing… Continue reading Robust variation in infant gut microbiome assembly across a spectrum of lifestyles
Clinical, gut microbial and neural effects of a probiotic add-on therapy in depressed patients: a randomized controlled trial
A promising new treatment approach for major depressive disorder (MDD) targets the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis, which is linked to physiological and behavioral functions affected in MDD. This is the first randomized controlled trial to determine whether short-term, high-dose probiotic supplementation reduces depressive symptoms along with gut microbial and neural changes in depressed patients. Patients with… Continue reading Clinical, gut microbial and neural effects of a probiotic add-on therapy in depressed patients: a randomized controlled trial
Maternal gut microbiome–induced IgG regulates neonatal gut microbiome and immunity
Breast milk IgG adds valueAlthough the most abundant class of antibody present in breast milk is IgA, maternal IgG antibodies also get transferred into breast milk via the neonatal Fc receptor. Sanidad et al. used mouse models to investigate the capacity of breast milk IgG to protect against pathogens and promote the establishment of a… Continue reading Maternal gut microbiome–induced IgG regulates neonatal gut microbiome and immunity
Aspirin’s effect on kinetic parameters ofcells contributes to its role in reducingincidence of advanced colorectaladenomas, shown by a multiscalecomputational study
Aspirin intake has been shown to lead to significant protection against colorectalcancer, for example with an up to twofold reduction in colorectal adenoma incidence rates at higherdoses. The mechanisms contributing to protection are not yet fully understood. While aspirin isan anti-inflammatory drug and can thus influence the tumor microenvironment, in vitro and in vivoexperiments have… Continue reading Aspirin’s effect on kinetic parameters ofcells contributes to its role in reducingincidence of advanced colorectaladenomas, shown by a multiscalecomputational study
Gut bacterial isoamylamine promotes age-related cognitive dysfunction by promoting microglial cell death
The intestinal microbiome releases a plethora of small molecules. Here, we show that the Ruminococcaceae metabolite isoamylamine (IAA) is enriched in aged mice and elderly people, whereas Ruminococcaceae phages, belonging to the Myoviridae family, are reduced. Young mice orally administered IAA show cognitive decline, whereas Myoviridae phage administration reduces IAA levels. Mechanistically, IAA promotes apoptosis… Continue reading Gut bacterial isoamylamine promotes age-related cognitive dysfunction by promoting microglial cell death
Heterogeneity in statin responses explained by variation in the human gut microbiome
Despite the undeniable cholesterol lowering benefits of statin therapy, considerable heterogeneity exists in individual responses to the same treatment. Human gut bacteria are known to metabolize statins in vitro, but there is limited information on how microbiome composition may contribute to statin on-target and/or adverse effects. Here, the authors identify a novel blood-based biomarker for… Continue reading Heterogeneity in statin responses explained by variation in the human gut microbiome
Increasing Incidence of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer
Early-onset disease (at <50 years of age) accounts for 10% of colorectal cancer cases, and the incidence is increasing, particularly in high-income countries. Patients often present with advanced disease in the left colon. One in six patients has deficient DNA mismatch repair. Screening is now recommended to begin at 45 years of age. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra2200869
Evolution of the murine gut resistome following broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment
The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represent an ever-growing healthcare challenge worldwide. Nevertheless, the mechanisms and timescales shaping this resistome remain elusive. Using an antibiotic cocktail administered to a murine model along with a longitudinal sampling strategy, we identify the mechanisms by which gut commensals acquire antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) after a single… Continue reading Evolution of the murine gut resistome following broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment
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