The dose-response relationship between dietary sugar and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk is uncertain. MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science and Cochrane databases were searched through July 9, 2024 for prospective cohort studies reporting relative measures of incident T2D risk by categories of dietary sugar (total, free, added, fructose, sucrose) or 2 beverage sources (non-diet… Continue reading Dietary #Sugar Intake and Incident Type 2 #Diabetes Risk: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies
Category: Endocrinology
Low-Calorie, High-Protein Ketogenic #Diet Versus Low-Calorie, Low-Sodium, and High-Potassium Mediterranean Diet in Overweight Patients and Patients with #Obesity with High-Normal Blood Pressure or Grade I #Hypertension: The Keto–Salt Pilot Study
Background and Objective: Dietary interventions are the first-line treatment for overweight individuals (OW) and individuals with obesity (OB) with high-normal blood pressure (BP) or grade I hypertension, especially when at low-to-moderate cardiovascular risk (CVR). However, current guidelines do not specify the most effective dietary approach for optimising cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes in this population. This… Continue reading Low-Calorie, High-Protein Ketogenic #Diet Versus Low-Calorie, Low-Sodium, and High-Potassium Mediterranean Diet in Overweight Patients and Patients with #Obesity with High-Normal Blood Pressure or Grade I #Hypertension: The Keto–Salt Pilot Study
Phase 3 Trial of #Semaglutide in #Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Steatohepatitis
Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, is a candidate for the treatment of metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis (MASH).MethodsIn this ongoing phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we assigned 1197 patients with biopsy-defined MASH and fibrosis stage 2 or 3 in a 2:1 ratio to receive once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide at a dose of 2.4 mg or… Continue reading Phase 3 Trial of #Semaglutide in #Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Steatohepatitis
GLP-1RA and SGLT2i Medications for Type 2 #Diabetes and #Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias
Importance The association between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) and risk of Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD) remains to be confirmed.Objective To assess the risk of ADRD associated with GLP-1RAs and SGLT2is in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Design, Setting, and Participants This target trial emulation study used electronic… Continue reading GLP-1RA and SGLT2i Medications for Type 2 #Diabetes and #Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias
Non-caloric #sweetener effects on brain appetite regulation in individuals across varying body #weights
Sucralose, a widely used non-caloric sweetener, provides sweet taste without calories. Some studies suggest that non-caloric sweeteners stimulate appetite, possibly owing to the delivery of a sweet taste without the post-ingestive metabolic signals that normally communicate with the hypothalamus to suppress hunger. In a randomized crossover trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02945475), 75 young adults (healthy weight,… Continue reading Non-caloric #sweetener effects on brain appetite regulation in individuals across varying body #weights
Lifetime Health Effects and Cost-Effectiveness of #Tirzepatide and #Semaglutide in US Adults
Importance Newer antiobesity medications lead to greater weight loss and lower cardiometabolic risks. However, the high costs of these medications have raised policy questions about their value and coverage decisions.Objective To compare the cost-effectiveness of 4 antiobesity medications with lifestyle modification vs lifestyle modification alone in the US.Design, Setting, and Participants A lifetime cost-effectiveness analysis… Continue reading Lifetime Health Effects and Cost-Effectiveness of #Tirzepatide and #Semaglutide in US Adults
Association of #Diet and #Waist-to-Hip Ratio With Brain Connectivity and #Memory in #Aging
Importance Epidemiological studies suggest that lifestyle factors are associated with risk of dementia. However, few studies have examined the association of diet and waist to hip ratio (WHR) with hippocampus connectivity and cognitive health.Objective To ascertain how longitudinal changes in diet quality and WHR during midlife are associated with hippocampal connectivity and cognitive function in… Continue reading Association of #Diet and #Waist-to-Hip Ratio With Brain Connectivity and #Memory in #Aging
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Risk for #Depression in Older Adults With Type 2 #Diabetes
Background:Although glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have shown potential antidepressant effects, population studies yield inconsistent results. Objective:To compare the risk for depression in older adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) initiating treatment with GLP-1RAs versus sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4is).Design:Target trial emulation study.Setting:U.S. National Medicare administrative data from January 2014 to… Continue reading Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Risk for #Depression in Older Adults With Type 2 #Diabetes
Effect of #broccoli sprout extract and baseline gut microbiota on fasting blood #glucose in #prediabetes: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial
More effective treatments are needed for impaired fasting glucose or glucose intolerance, known as prediabetes. Sulforaphane is an isothiocyanate that reduces hepatic gluconeogenesis in individuals with type 2 diabetes and is well tolerated when provided as a broccoli sprout extract (BSE). Here we report a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in which drug-naive individuals with prediabetes… Continue reading Effect of #broccoli sprout extract and baseline gut microbiota on fasting blood #glucose in #prediabetes: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial
2 Medical News 