The clinical spectra of irritable bowel syndrome (#IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (#IBD) intersect to form a scantily defined overlap syndrome, termed pre-IBD. We show that increased Enterobacteriaceae and reduced Clostridia abundance distinguish the fecal microbiota of pre-IBD patients from IBS patients. A history of antibiotics in individuals consuming a high-fat diet was associated with… Continue reading High-Fat Diet and Antibiotics Cooperatively Impair Mitochondrial Bioenergetics to Trigger #Dysbiosis that Exacerbates Pre-inflammatory Bowel Disease
Category: Infectivology
JOINT GUIDANCE ON VITAMIN D IN THE ERA OF COVID-19 FROM THE ASBMR, AACE, ENDOCRINE SOCIETY, ECTS, NOF, AND IOF
In response to the current COVID-19 global pandemic, and the attendant impact on outdoor physical activity and leisure time, the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR), American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE), Endocrine Society, European Calcified Tissue Society (ECTS), National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF), and International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) remind individuals of the importance… Continue reading JOINT GUIDANCE ON VITAMIN D IN THE ERA OF COVID-19 FROM THE ASBMR, AACE, ENDOCRINE SOCIETY, ECTS, NOF, AND IOF
Reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance genes in retail raw milk
Background It has been estimated that at least 3% of the USA population consumes unpasteurized (raw) milk from animal sources, and the demand to legalize raw milk sales continues to increase. However, consumption of raw milk can cause foodborne illness and be a source of bacteria containing transferrable antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). To obtain a… Continue reading Reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance genes in retail raw milk
Baloxavir Marboxil for Prophylaxis against Influenza in Household Contacts
Baloxavir marboxil (baloxavir) is a polymerase acidic protein (PA) endonuclease inhibitor with clinical efficacy in the treatment of uncomplicated influenza, including in outpatients at increased risk for complications. The postexposure prophylactic efficacy of baloxavir in the household setting is unclear.. ..A total of 752 household contacts of 545 index patients were randomly assigned to receive… Continue reading Baloxavir Marboxil for Prophylaxis against Influenza in Household Contacts
Reduction of secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in households by face mask use, disinfection and social distancing: a cohort study in Beijing, China
Transmission of COVID-19 within families and close contacts accounts for the majority of epidemic growth. Community mask wearing, hand washing and social distancing are thought to be effective but there is little evidence to inform or support community members on COVID-19 risk reduction within families.. ..The secondary attack rate in families was 23.0% (77/335). Face… Continue reading Reduction of secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in households by face mask use, disinfection and social distancing: a cohort study in Beijing, China
Effect of #Zinc Supplementation vs Placebo on Mortality Risk and #HIV Disease Progression Among HIV-Positive Adults With Heavy #Alcohol Use
.. A total of 254 participants (184 men [72%]; mean [SD] age, 34 [6] years) were enrolled in the trial; 126 were randomized to receive zinc, and 128 were randomized to receive placebo. Participants had high CD4 cell counts (mean [SD], 521 [292] cells/mm3), and 188 (74%) reported heavy drinking in the past week. In… Continue reading Effect of #Zinc Supplementation vs Placebo on Mortality Risk and #HIV Disease Progression Among HIV-Positive Adults With Heavy #Alcohol Use
Environmental Factors and Host Microbiomes Shape Host–Pathogen Dynamics
In many cases, interactions among host, pathogen, and environment are insufficient to describe disease dynamics in the wild. The host microbiome plays an important role in host immunity, at the interface between the host and the pathogen, and affects disease outcome. The environment, as well as environmental microbiomes, influence the host microbiome, and also influence… Continue reading Environmental Factors and Host Microbiomes Shape Host–Pathogen Dynamics
Skeletal muscle antagonizes antiviral CD8+ T cell exhaustion
CD8+ T cells become functionally impaired or “exhausted” in chronic infections, accompanied by unwanted body weight reduction and muscle mass loss. Whether muscle regulates T cell exhaustion remains incompletely understood. We report that mouse skeletal muscle increased interleukin (IL)–15 production during LCMV clone 13 chronic infection. Muscle-specific ablation of Il15 enhanced the CD8+ T cell… Continue reading Skeletal muscle antagonizes antiviral CD8+ T cell exhaustion
CDC people at risk of devere COVID-19 illness
..CDC has removed the specific age threshold from the older adult classification. CDC now warns that among adults, risk increases steadily as you age, and it’s not just those over the age of 65 who are at increased risk for severe illness.. ..There was consistent evidence (from multiple small studies or a strong association from… Continue reading CDC people at risk of devere COVID-19 illness
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