Recent explorations of the human gut microbiota suggest that perturbations of microbial communities may increase predisposition to different disease phenotypes. Dietary nutrients may be converted into metabolites by intestinal microbes that serve as biologically active molecules affecting regulatory functions in the host. Probiotics may restore the composition of the gut microbiome and introduce beneficial functions… Continue reading Effects of #probiotics on gut #microbiota: mechanisms of intestinal immunomodulation and neuromodulation
Category: Gastroenterology
Vitamin #D metabolites and the gut #microbiome in older men
The vitamin D receptor is highly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract where it transacts gene expression. With current limited understanding of the interactions between the gut microbiome and vitamin D, we conduct a cross-sectional analysis of 567 older men quantifying serum vitamin D metabolites using LC-MSMS and defining stool sub-Operational Taxonomic Units from16S ribosomal RNA… Continue reading Vitamin #D metabolites and the gut #microbiome in older men
Gut #microbiota depletion by chronic antibiotic treatment alters the #sleep/wake architecture and sleep #EEG power spectra in mice
Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota affects physiological processes, including brain functions, by altering the intestinal metabolism. Here we examined the effects of the gut microbiota on sleep/wake regulation. C57BL/6 male mice were treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics for 4 weeks to deplete their gut microbiota. Metabolome profiling of cecal contents in antibiotic-induced microbiota-depleted (AIMD) and control… Continue reading Gut #microbiota depletion by chronic antibiotic treatment alters the #sleep/wake architecture and sleep #EEG power spectra in mice
The gut #microbiota is associated with #immune cell dynamics in humans
The gut microbiota influences development and homeostasis of the mammalian immune system, and is associated with human inflammatory and immune diseases as well as responses to immunotherapy. Nevertheless, our understanding of how gut bacteria modulate the immune system remains limited, particularly in humans, where the difficulty of direct experimentation makes inference challenging. Here we study… Continue reading The gut #microbiota is associated with #immune cell dynamics in humans
A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Subcutaneous #Semaglutide in Nonalcoholic #Steatohepatitis
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a common disease that is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, but treatment options are limited. The efficacy and safety of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist semaglutide in patients with NASH is not known.. ..In total, 320 patients (of whom 230 had stage F2 or F3 fibrosis) were randomly assigned to… Continue reading A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Subcutaneous #Semaglutide in Nonalcoholic #Steatohepatitis
Associations between #Helicobacter pylori with nonalcoholic fatty #liver disease and other metabolic conditions in Guatemala
Previous studies have suggested an association between Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of the current study was to examine the association in Guatemala, a region with elevated prevalences of both H pylori and NAFLD. Associations between H pylori and other metabolic conditions were also examined, as were associations… Continue reading Associations between #Helicobacter pylori with nonalcoholic fatty #liver disease and other metabolic conditions in Guatemala
Association between Neu5Gc carbohydrate and serum antibodies against it provides the molecular link to #cancer: French NutriNet-Santé study
High consumption of red and processed meat is commonly associated with increased cancer risk, particularly colorectal cancer. Antibodies against the red meat-derived carbohydrate N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) exacerbate cancer in “human-like” mice. Human anti-Neu5Gc IgG and red meat are both independently proposed to increase cancer risk, yet how diet affects these antibodies is largely unknown.. ..We… Continue reading Association between Neu5Gc carbohydrate and serum antibodies against it provides the molecular link to #cancer: French NutriNet-Santé study
GES: A validated simple score to predict the risk of #HCC in patients with #HCV‐GT4‐associated advanced liver fibrosis after oral antivirals
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk persists after hepatitis C virus (HCV) eradication with direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs), particularly in patients with cirrhosis. Identifying those who are likely to develop HCC is a critical unmet medical need. Our aim is to develop a score that offers individualized patient HCC risk prediction.. ..In the derivation cohort, the median follow‐up… Continue reading GES: A validated simple score to predict the risk of #HCC in patients with #HCV‐GT4‐associated advanced liver fibrosis after oral antivirals
Inadequate #Physical Activity and #Sedentary Behavior Are Independent Predictors of Nonalcoholic Fatty #Liver Disease
In general, physical activity (PA) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have an inverse association. However, studies assessing the impact of the widely accepted Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (PA Guidelines) on NAFLD are lacking. We performed a serial, cross‐sectional analysis among adults by using the 2007‐2016 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. NAFLD… Continue reading Inadequate #Physical Activity and #Sedentary Behavior Are Independent Predictors of Nonalcoholic Fatty #Liver Disease
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