To determine whether proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer, compared with histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs). Design The United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink was used to identify initiators of PPIs and H2RA from 1990 to 2018, with follow-up until 2019. Cox proportional hazards models were fit to estimate… Continue reading #Proton pump inhibitors and risk of #colorectal cancer
Category: Gastroenterology
Self-tunable engineered yeast #probiotics for the treatment of #inflammatory bowel disease
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) produced by the commensal microbiota and host cells activates purinergic signaling, promoting intestinal inflammation and pathology. Based on the role of eATP in intestinal inflammation, we developed yeast-based engineered probiotics that express a human P2Y2 purinergic receptor… Continue reading Self-tunable engineered yeast #probiotics for the treatment of #inflammatory bowel disease
#Gut microbes impact #stroke severity via the trimethylamine N-oxide pathway
Clinical studies have demonstrated associations between circulating levels of the gut-microbiota-derived metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and stroke incident risk. However, a causal role of gut microbes in stroke has not yet been demonstrated. Herein we show that gut microbes, through dietary choline and TMAO generation, directly impact cerebral infarct size and adverse outcomes following stroke. Fecal… Continue reading #Gut microbes impact #stroke severity via the trimethylamine N-oxide pathway
Artificial #Sweeteners Negatively Regulate Pathogenic Characteristics of Two Model #Gut Bacteria, E. coli and E. faecalis
Artificial sweeteners (AS) are synthetic sugar substitutes that are commonly consumed in the diet. Recent studies have indicated considerable health risks which links the consumption of AS with metabolic derangements and gut microbiota perturbations. Despite these studies, there is still limited data on how AS impacts the commensal microbiota to cause pathogenicity. The present study… Continue reading Artificial #Sweeteners Negatively Regulate Pathogenic Characteristics of Two Model #Gut Bacteria, E. coli and E. faecalis
Timing of #chocolate intake affects hunger, substrate oxidation, and #microbiota: A randomized controlled trial
Eating chocolate in the morning or in the evening/at night, may differentially affect energy balance and impact body weight due to changes in energy intake, substrate oxidation, microbiota (composition/function), and circadian-related variables. In a randomized controlled trial, postmenopausal females (n = 19) had 100 g of chocolate in the morning (MC), in the evening/at night… Continue reading Timing of #chocolate intake affects hunger, substrate oxidation, and #microbiota: A randomized controlled trial
Comparison of Novel Biomarkers with Conventional #HBV Markers among Untreated Adults with Chronic #Hepatitis B in North America
The clinical utility of two novel biomarkers, hepatitis B virus (HBV) RNA and hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg), as compared to conventional markers of HBV replication and disease activity is unclear. Untreated participants in the North American Hepatitis B Research Network Adult Cohort Study were categorized by chronic hepatitis B (CHB) phases based on HBsAg… Continue reading Comparison of Novel Biomarkers with Conventional #HBV Markers among Untreated Adults with Chronic #Hepatitis B in North America
Opportunistic Screening of Patients for Hepatic #Steatosis: Clinical Follow-Up and Diagnostic Yield
Hepatic steatosis is a common incidental finding on abdominal imaging that is not always reported or recognized as having clinical significance. Because of its association with liver disease, cirrhosis, and diabetes, the aim of this study was to bring attention to this finding and provide clinical guidance to referring clinicians by inserting standardized text into… Continue reading Opportunistic Screening of Patients for Hepatic #Steatosis: Clinical Follow-Up and Diagnostic Yield
Effect of Extended-Release #Naltrexone on #Alcohol Consumption: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Aims1) Estimate the effect of extended-release naltrexone compared with placebo on alcohol consumption in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). 2) Conduct pre-planned subgroup analyses to test whether being abstinent when initiating treatment (lead-in abstinence) or the duration of treatment improves treatment efficacy. DesignSystematic review and random effects meta-analysis of blinded randomized placebo-controlled trials reporting… Continue reading Effect of Extended-Release #Naltrexone on #Alcohol Consumption: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Nongenetic Determinants of Risk for Early-Onset #Colorectal Cancer
Incidence of early-onset (younger than 50 years of age) colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing in many countries. Thus, elucidating the role of traditional CRC risk factors in early-onset CRC is a high priority. We sought to determine whether risk factors associated with late-onset CRC were also linked to early-onset CRC and whether association patterns differed by… Continue reading Nongenetic Determinants of Risk for Early-Onset #Colorectal Cancer
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