Early-onset disease (at <50 years of age) accounts for 10% of colorectal cancer cases, and the incidence is increasing, particularly in high-income countries. Patients often present with advanced disease in the left colon. One in six patients has deficient DNA mismatch repair. Screening is now recommended to begin at 45 years of age. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra2200869
Category: Gastroenterology
Evolution of the murine gut resistome following broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment
The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represent an ever-growing healthcare challenge worldwide. Nevertheless, the mechanisms and timescales shaping this resistome remain elusive. Using an antibiotic cocktail administered to a murine model along with a longitudinal sampling strategy, we identify the mechanisms by which gut commensals acquire antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) after a single… Continue reading Evolution of the murine gut resistome following broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment
Age at Initiation of Lower Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and Colorectal Cancer Risk Among US Women
Importance In the past 4 years, the American Cancer Society and the US Preventive Services Task Force updated recommendations to initiate colorectal cancer (CRC) screening at 45 years of age to address the increasing incidence of CRC among adults younger than 50 years. However, empirical evidence evaluating the potential benefits of screening in younger populations… Continue reading Age at Initiation of Lower Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and Colorectal Cancer Risk Among US Women
Longitudinal multi-omics analyses link gut microbiome dysbiosis with recurrent urinary tract infections in women
Recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs) are a major health burden worldwide, with history of infection being a significant risk factor. While the gut is a known reservoir for uropathogenic bacteria, the role of the microbiota in rUTI remains unclear. We conducted a year-long study of women with (n = 15) and without (n = 16) history of rUTI, from… Continue reading Longitudinal multi-omics analyses link gut microbiome dysbiosis with recurrent urinary tract infections in women
Identification of gut microbial species linked with disease variability in a widely used mouse model of colitis
Experimental mouse models are central to basic biomedical research; however, variability exists across genetically identical mice and mouse facilities making comparisons difficult. Whether specific indigenous gut bacteria drive immunophenotypic variability in mouse models of human disease remains poorly understood. We performed a large-scale experiment using 579 genetically identical laboratory mice from a single animal facility, designed… Continue reading Identification of gut microbial species linked with disease variability in a widely used mouse model of colitis
(844.3) Gut commensal Coprococcus comes diminishes the blood pressure-lowering effect of ester angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
Drug resistant HTN (rHTN) affects around 15% to 20% of hypertensive (HTN) patients. The underlying mechanisms of resistance to treatment remain poorly understood. The majority of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) are esters, whereby we hypothesized that select gut microbiota hydrolyze ACEi rendering lower efficacy (Figure 1A). To test this hypothesis, we investigated if and which… Continue reading (844.3) Gut commensal Coprococcus comes diminishes the blood pressure-lowering effect of ester angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
Association of midlife antibiotic use with subsequent cognitive function in women
The gut microbiome is increasingly recognized to play a role in cognition and dementia. Antibiotic use impacts the gut microbiome and has been linked with chronic disease. Despite these data, there is no evidence supporting an association between long-term antibiotic use in adults and cognitive function. We conducted a prospective population-based cohort study among 14,542… Continue reading Association of midlife antibiotic use with subsequent cognitive function in women
Genome-wide analysis of 53,400 people with irritable bowel syndrome highlights shared genetic pathways with mood and anxiety disorders
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) results from disordered brain-gut interactions. Identifying susceptibility genes could highlight the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. We designed a digestive health questionnaire for UK Biobank and combined identified cases with IBS with independent cohorts. We conducted a genome-wide association study with 53,400 cases and 433,201 controls and replicated significant associations in a 23andMe… Continue reading Genome-wide analysis of 53,400 people with irritable bowel syndrome highlights shared genetic pathways with mood and anxiety disorders
Pancreatic islet cryopreservation by vitrification achieves high viability, function, recovery and clinical scalability for transplantation
Pancreatic islet transplantation can cure diabetes but requires accessible, high-quality islets in sufficient quantities. Cryopreservation could solve islet supply chain challenges by enabling quality-controlled banking and pooling of donor islets. Unfortunately, cryopreservation has not succeeded in this objective, as it must simultaneously provide high recovery, viability, function and scalability. Here, we achieve this goal in… Continue reading Pancreatic islet cryopreservation by vitrification achieves high viability, function, recovery and clinical scalability for transplantation
2 Medical News 