BackgroundBy April 13, 2022, more than 4 months after the approval of BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) for children, less than 40% of 5–11-year-olds in Italy had been vaccinated against COVID-19. Estimating how effective vaccination is in 5–11-year-olds in the current epidemiological context dominated by the omicron variant (B.1.1.529) is important to inform public health bodies in defining… Continue reading Effectiveness of BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 in children aged 5–11 years in Italy: a retrospective analysis of January–April, 2022
Category: Pediatry
Prenatal antibiotic exposure, asthma and the atopic march: A systematic review and meta-analysis
BackgroundAntibiotic use during pregnancy may increase the risk for asthma in children. We performed a meta-analysis assessing prenatal antibiotic exposure and the risk for childhood wheeze or asthma, as well as for diseases associated with the atopic march. MethodsA systematic literature search protocol (PROSPERO-ID: CRD42020191940) was registered and searches were completed using Medline, Proquest, Embase,… Continue reading Prenatal antibiotic exposure, asthma and the atopic march: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Robust variation in infant gut microbiome assembly across a spectrum of lifestyles
Establishing early diversityHumans living an urbanized lifestyle in industrialized countries tend to have less diverse microbiota than people living more rural existences. Using fecal 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, Olm et al. found that after the first 6 months of life, the microbiome of infants living in contrasting environments diverged from Bifidobacteria-dominated assemblages. Deep metagenomic sequencing… Continue reading Robust variation in infant gut microbiome assembly across a spectrum of lifestyles
Maternal gut microbiome–induced IgG regulates neonatal gut microbiome and immunity
Breast milk IgG adds valueAlthough the most abundant class of antibody present in breast milk is IgA, maternal IgG antibodies also get transferred into breast milk via the neonatal Fc receptor. Sanidad et al. used mouse models to investigate the capacity of breast milk IgG to protect against pathogens and promote the establishment of a… Continue reading Maternal gut microbiome–induced IgG regulates neonatal gut microbiome and immunity
Trajectories of asthma symptom presenting as wheezing and their associations with family environmental factors among children in Australia: evidence from a national birth cohort study
Objectives Asthma is one of the greatest health burdens, yet contributors to asthma symptom trajectories are understudied in Australian children. We aimed to assess the trajectories of asthma symptom and their associations with several family environmental factors during the childhood period in Australia. Design Secondary analysis from a cross-sequential cohort study. Setting Nationwide representative data… Continue reading Trajectories of asthma symptom presenting as wheezing and their associations with family environmental factors among children in Australia: evidence from a national birth cohort study
Revisiting Pediatric COVID-19 Cases in Counties With and Without School Mask Requirements—United States, July 1—October 20 2021
Background: There has been considerable debate around mask requirements in schools in the United States and other countries during the Covid-19 pandemic. To date, there have been no randomized controlled trials of mask requirements in children. All analyses of the effectiveness of school mask mandates have relied on observational studies. The Centers for Disease Control… Continue reading Revisiting Pediatric COVID-19 Cases in Counties With and Without School Mask Requirements—United States, July 1—October 20 2021
To what extent does confounding explain the association between breastfeeding duration and cognitive development up to age 14? Findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study
BackgroundBreastfeeding duration is associated with improved cognitive development in children, but it is unclear whether this is a causal relationship or due to confounding. This study evaluates whether the observed association is explained by socioeconomic position (SEP) and maternal cognitive ability. MethodsData from 7,855 singletons born in 2000–2002 and followed up to age 14 years… Continue reading To what extent does confounding explain the association between breastfeeding duration and cognitive development up to age 14? Findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study
Micronutrients for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Youths: A Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial
ObjectiveTo evaluate whether micronutrients (vitamins/minerals) benefit attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and irritability in a North American pediatric sample. MethodA 3-site, 8-week, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial of micronutrients was conducted in nonmedicated children aged 6 to 12 years with ADHD and at least 1 impairing irritability symptom by parent report on the Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory−5… Continue reading Micronutrients for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Youths: A Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial
School Closures During Social Lockdown and Mental Health, Health Behaviors, and Well-being Among Children and Adolescents During the First COVID-19 WaveA Systematic Review
Importance School closures as part of broader social lockdown measures during the COVID-19 pandemic may be associated with the health and well-being of children and adolescents. Objective To review published reports on the association of school closures during broader social lockdown with mental health, health behaviors, and well-being in children and adolescents aged 0 to… Continue reading School Closures During Social Lockdown and Mental Health, Health Behaviors, and Well-being Among Children and Adolescents During the First COVID-19 WaveA Systematic Review
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