Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the leading cause of death from infection worldwide. The only available vaccine, BCG (Bacillus Calmette–Guérin), is given intradermally and has variable efficacy against pulmonary tuberculosis, the major cause of mortality and disease transmission. Here we show that intravenous administration of BCG profoundly alters the protective outcome of Mtb challenge in non-human… Continue reading Prevention of #tuberculosis in macaques after intravenous BCG immunization
Category: Environment
Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol exposure during rat pregnancy leads to symmetrical fetal growth restriction and labyrinth-specific vascular defects in the placenta
1 in 5 women report cannabis use during pregnancy, with nausea cited as their primary motivation. Studies show that (-)-△9–tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), the major psychoactive ingredient in cannabis, causes fetal growth restriction, though the mechanisms are not well understood.. The goal of this study was to examine, in rats, the impact of maternal Δ9-THC exposure on… Continue reading Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol exposure during rat pregnancy leads to symmetrical fetal growth restriction and labyrinth-specific vascular defects in the placenta
Decreasing human body #temperature in the United States since the industrial revolution
In 1851, the German In 1851, the German physician Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich obtained millions of axillary temperatures from 25,000 patients in Leipzig, thereby establishing the standard for normal human body temperature of 37°C or 98.6 °F (range: 36.2–37.5°C [97.2- 99.5 °F]) (Mackowiak, 1997; Wunderlich and Sequin, 1871). A compilation of 27 modern studies, however… Continue reading Decreasing human body #temperature in the United States since the industrial revolution
Association of Ambient and Household Air #Pollution With #Bone Mineral Content Among Adults in Peri-urban South India
..The annual mean (SD) PM2.5 exposure was 32.8 (2.5) μg/m3, and the annual mean (SD) BC exposure was 2.5 (0.2) μg/m3; 57.8% of participants used biomass cooking fuels. In fully adjusted models, PM2.5 was associated with lower BMC in the spine (mean difference, −0.57 g per 3 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5; 95% CI, −1.06 to… Continue reading Association of Ambient and Household Air #Pollution With #Bone Mineral Content Among Adults in Peri-urban South India
Association between ambient fine #particulate pollution and hospital admissions for cause specific #cardiovascular disease: time series study in 184 major Chinese cities
..At the national average level, an increase of 10 μg/m3 in PM2.5 was associated with a 0.26% (95% confidence interval 0.17% to 0.35%) increase in hospital admissions on the same day for cardiovascular disease, 0.31% (0.22% to 0.40%) for ischaemic heart disease, 0.27% (0.04% to 0.51%) for heart failure, 0.29% (0.12% to 0.46%) for heart… Continue reading Association between ambient fine #particulate pollution and hospital admissions for cause specific #cardiovascular disease: time series study in 184 major Chinese cities
Association Between #Automotive Assembly Plant Closures and #Opioid Overdose Mortality in the United States
..Automotive assembly plant closures are culturally significant events that substantially erode local economic opportunities. ..Automotive assembly plant closures were associated with statistically significant increases in opioid overdose mortality. Five years after a plant closure, mortality rates had increased by 8.6 opioid overdose deaths per 100 000 individuals (95% CI, 2.6-14.6; P = .006) in exposed counties compared with… Continue reading Association Between #Automotive Assembly Plant Closures and #Opioid Overdose Mortality in the United States
Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global #obesity epidemic in adults
Body-mass index (#BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities1,2. This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity.. ..We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm,… Continue reading Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global #obesity epidemic in adults
#Injuries associated with electric-powered bikes and scooters: analysis of US consumer product data
..While persons injured using #E-bikes were more likely to suffer internal injuries (17.1%; 95% CI 5.6 to 28.6) and require hospital admission (OR=2.8, 95% CI 1.3 to 6.1), powered scooter injuries were nearly three times more likely to result in a diagnosis of concussion (3% of scooter injuries vs 0.5% of E-bike injuries). E-bike-related injuries were also… Continue reading #Injuries associated with electric-powered bikes and scooters: analysis of US consumer product data
Drinking Water #Salinity, Urinary Macro‐Mineral Excretions, and Blood #Pressure in the Southwest Coastal Population of Bangladesh
Sodium (Na+) in saline water may increase blood pressure (BP), but potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), and magnesium (Mg2+) may lower BP. We assessed the association between drinking water salinity and population BP.. ..fresh water (electrical conductivity, <0.7 mS/cm), mild salinity (electrical conductivity ≥0.7 and <2 mS/cm), and moderate salinity (electrical conductivity ≥2 and <10 mS/cm)..… Continue reading Drinking Water #Salinity, Urinary Macro‐Mineral Excretions, and Blood #Pressure in the Southwest Coastal Population of Bangladesh
2 Medical News 