Discovery of mechanisms that underlie variable penetrance for neuropsychiatric illness in the context of genetic variants that carry elevated risk can advance novel treatment approaches for these disorders. Objective To test the hypothesis that mitochondrial compensation is associated with the variable penetrance of schizophrenia in the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS). Design, Setting, and Participants This… Continue reading Association of #Mitochondrial Biogenesis With Variable Penetrance of #Schizophrenia
Category: Neurology
Associations of #cognitive performance with #cardiovascular magnetic resonance phenotypes in the UK Biobank
Existing evidence suggests links between brain and cardiovascular health. We investigated associations between cognitive performance and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) phenotypes in the UK Biobank, considering a range of potential confounders. Methods and resultsWe studied 29 763 participants with CMR and cognitive testing, specifically, fluid intelligence (FI, 13 verbal-numeric reasoning questions), and reaction time (RT, a… Continue reading Associations of #cognitive performance with #cardiovascular magnetic resonance phenotypes in the UK Biobank
#Antihypertensives and #Statin Therapy for Primary #Stroke Prevention
The HOPE-3 trial (Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation–3) found that antihypertensive therapy combined with a statin reduced first stroke among people at intermediate cardiovascular risk. We report secondary analyses of stroke outcomes by stroke subtype, predictors, treatment effects in key subgroups. Methods:Using a 2-by-2 factorial design, 12 705 participants from 21 countries with vascular risk factors… Continue reading #Antihypertensives and #Statin Therapy for Primary #Stroke Prevention
The #overfitted brain: #Dreams evolved to assist generalization
Dreaming remains a mystery to neuroscience. While various hypotheses of why brains evolved nightly dreaming have been put forward, many of these are contradicted by the sparse, hallucinatory, and narrative nature of dreams, a nature that seems to lack any particular function. Recently, research on artificial neural networks has shown that during learning, such networks… Continue reading The #overfitted brain: #Dreams evolved to assist generalization
#Smoking is associated with impaired verbal learning and #memory performance in women more than men
Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) include structural and functional blood vessel injuries linked to poor neurocognitive outcomes. Smoking might indirectly increase the likelihood of cognitive impairment by exacerbating vascular disease risks. Sex disparities in VCID have been reported, however, few studies have assessed the sex-specific relationships between smoking and memory performance and… Continue reading #Smoking is associated with impaired verbal learning and #memory performance in women more than men
#Sarcopenia is independently associated with #parietal atrophy in older adults
Highlights•Sarcopenia was common in old adults living in a retirement community (46.1%). •Sarcopenia had moderate-severe global cortical, parietal and medial temporal atrophy. •Sarcopenia is significantly associated with parietal atrophy in older adults. •Age had a significant relationship with global cortical and medial temporal atrophy. AbstractIntroductionAs populations age, sarcopenia becomes a major health problem among adults… Continue reading #Sarcopenia is independently associated with #parietal atrophy in older adults
Colonization of the #Caenorhabditis elegans gut with human enteric bacterial pathogens leads to proteostasis disruption that is rescued by butyrate
Protein conformational diseases are characterized by misfolding and toxic aggregation of metastable proteins, often culminating in neurodegeneration. Enteric bacteria influence the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases; however, the complexity of the human microbiome hinders our understanding of how individual microbes influence these diseases. Disruption of host protein homeostasis, or proteostasis, affects the onset and progression of… Continue reading Colonization of the #Caenorhabditis elegans gut with human enteric bacterial pathogens leads to proteostasis disruption that is rescued by butyrate
#Mediterranean Diet, #Alzheimer Disease Biomarkers and #Brain Atrophy in Old Age
To determine if following a Mediterranean-like diet (MeDi) relates to cognitive functions and in vivo biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), we analyzed cross-sectional data from the German Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study Method: The sample (n=512, mean age: 69.5±5.9 years) included 169 cognitively normal participants and subjects at higher AD risk (53 AD relatives,… Continue reading #Mediterranean Diet, #Alzheimer Disease Biomarkers and #Brain Atrophy in Old Age
Task-Dependent Functional and Effective #Connectivity during Conceptual Processing
Conceptual knowledge is central to cognition. Previous neuroimaging research indicates that conceptual processing involves both modality-specific perceptual-motor areas and multimodal convergence zones. For example, our previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study revealed that both modality-specific and multimodal regions respond to sound and action features of concepts in a task-dependent fashion (Kuhnke P, Kiefer M,… Continue reading Task-Dependent Functional and Effective #Connectivity during Conceptual Processing
