The perinatal period represents a critical window for cognitive and immune system development, promoted by maternal and infant gut microbiomes and their metabolites. Here, we tracked the co-development of microbiomes and metabolomes from late pregnancy to 1 year of age using longitudinal multi-omics data from a cohort of 70 mother-infant dyads. We discovered large-scale mother-to-infant… Continue reading Mobile genetic elements from the maternal microbiome shape infant gut microbial assembly and metabolism
Category: Gastroenterology
Efficacy of probiotics in the management of halitosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Background Halitosis is defined as a foul odour emitted from the oral cavity. Many interventions have been used to control halitosis from mouthwashes to chewing gums. Probiotics have been reported as an alternative method to alleviate halitosis.Objective The present study aimed to investigate the effect of probiotics on halitosis from a time perspective.Design and methods This is a… Continue reading Efficacy of probiotics in the management of halitosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Chronic exposure to synthetic food colorant Allura Red AC promotes susceptibility to experimental colitis via intestinal serotonin in mice
Chemicals in food are widely used leading to significant human exposure. Allura Red AC (AR) is a highly common synthetic colorant; however, little is known about its impact on colitis. Here, we show chronic exposure of AR at a dose found in commonly consumed dietary products exacerbates experimental models of colitis in mice. While intermittent… Continue reading Chronic exposure to synthetic food colorant Allura Red AC promotes susceptibility to experimental colitis via intestinal serotonin in mice
Dysregulated amino acid sensing drives colorectal cancer growth and metabolic reprogramming leading to chemoresistance
Background and AimsCRC is a devastating disease highly modulated by dietary nutrients. mTORC1 contributes to tumor growth and limits therapy responses. Growth factor signaling is a major mechanism of mTORC1 activation. However, compensatory pathways exist to sustain mTORC1 activity following therapies that target oncogenic growth factor signaling. Amino acids potently activate mTORC1 via amino acid… Continue reading Dysregulated amino acid sensing drives colorectal cancer growth and metabolic reprogramming leading to chemoresistance
Repeated psychological stress, chronic vicarious social defeat stress, evokes irritable bowel syndrome-like symptoms in mice
Increasing evidence has demonstrated that emotional states and intestinal conditions are inter-connected in so-called “brain–gut interactions.” Indeed, many psychiatric disorders are accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms, such as the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, the functional connection remains elusive, partly because there are few useful experimental animal models. Here, we focused on a highly validated animal… Continue reading Repeated psychological stress, chronic vicarious social defeat stress, evokes irritable bowel syndrome-like symptoms in mice
Latiglutenase Protects the Mucosa and Attenuates Symptom Severity in Patients With Celiac Disease Exposed to a Gluten Challenge
AbstractBackground and aims: Gluten ingestion in patients with celiac disease can lead to gastrointestinal symptoms and small intestinal mucosal injury.Methods: This gluten challenge phase 2 trial was double blind and placebo controlled, and it assessed the efficacy and safety of a 1200-mg dose of IMGX003 in patients with celiac disease exposed to 2 g of gluten per… Continue reading Latiglutenase Protects the Mucosa and Attenuates Symptom Severity in Patients With Celiac Disease Exposed to a Gluten Challenge
The γδ IEL effector API5 masks genetic susceptibility to Paneth cell death
Loss of Paneth cells and their antimicrobial granules compromises the intestinal epithelial barrier and is associated with Crohn’s disease, a major type of inflammatory bowel disease. Non-classical lymphoid cells, broadly referred to as intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs), intercalate the intestinal epithelium. This anatomical position has implicated them as first-line defenders in resistance to infections, but their… Continue reading The γδ IEL effector API5 masks genetic susceptibility to Paneth cell death
Changing Flows Balance Nutrient Absorption and Bacterial Growth along the Gut
Small intestine motility and its ensuing flow of luminal content impact both nutrient absorption and bacterial growth. To explore this interdependence we introduce a biophysical description of intestinal flow and absorption. Rooted in observations of mice we identify the average flow velocity as the key control of absorption efficiency and bacterial growth, independent of the… Continue reading Changing Flows Balance Nutrient Absorption and Bacterial Growth along the Gut
Epithelial HVEM maintains intraepithelial T cell survival and contributes to host protection
Intestinal epithelia maintain T cellsImmune surveillance of the intestinal epithelium is crucial for intestinal homeostasis and protecting against infection. However, how the intestinal epithelium helps induce immune surveilling intraepithelial T cells (IET) is unclear. Here, Seo, Takahashi, and Wang et al. used mouse knockout models to demonstrate that herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM), a TNFR… Continue reading Epithelial HVEM maintains intraepithelial T cell survival and contributes to host protection
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