The molecular mechanisms underlying successful fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI) remain poorly understood. The primary objective of this study was to characterize alterations in microRNAs (miRs) following FMT for rCDI. MethodsSera from two prospective multicentre randomized controlled trials were analyzed for miRNA levels using the Nanostring nCounter platform and quantitative… Continue reading Fecal #microbiota transplantation for recurrent #Clostridioides difficile infection associates with functional alterations in circulating microRNAs
Tag: gut-microbiota
Western-style #diet impedes colonization and clearance of #Citrobacter rodentium
Western-style diet (WSD), which is high in fat and low in fiber, lacks nutrients to support gut microbiota. Consequently, WSD reduces microbiota density and promotes microbiota encroachment, potentially influencing colonization resistance, immune system readiness, and thus host defense against pathogenic bacteria. Here we examined the impact of WSD on infection and colitis in response to… Continue reading Western-style #diet impedes colonization and clearance of #Citrobacter rodentium
The gut #mycobiome of healthy mice is shaped by the environment and correlates with metabolic outcomes in response to #diet
As an active interface between the host and their diet, the gut microbiota influences host metabolic adaptation; however, the contributions of fungi have been overlooked. Here, we investigate whether variations in gut mycobiome abundance and composition correlate with key features of host metabolism. We obtained animals from four commercial sources in parallel to test if… Continue reading The gut #mycobiome of healthy mice is shaped by the environment and correlates with metabolic outcomes in response to #diet
Adherent-invasive E. coli metabolism of propanediol in #Crohn’s disease regulates phagocytes to drive intestinal #inflammation
Adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC) are enriched in the intestinal microbiota of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and promote intestinal inflammation. Yet, how AIEC metabolism of nutrients impacts intestinal homeostasis is poorly defined. Here, we show that AIEC encoding the large subunit of propanediol dehydratase (PduC), which facilitates the utilization of fucose fermentation product 1,2-propanediol, are… Continue reading Adherent-invasive E. coli metabolism of propanediol in #Crohn’s disease regulates phagocytes to drive intestinal #inflammation
Fecal #microbiota transplant overcomes resistance to anti–PD-1 therapy in #melanoma patients
Anti–programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) therapy provides long-term clinical benefits to patients with advanced melanoma. The composition of the gut microbiota correlates with anti–PD-1 efficacy in preclinical models and cancer patients. To investigate whether resistance to anti–PD-1 can be overcome by changing the gut microbiota, this clinical trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of… Continue reading Fecal #microbiota transplant overcomes resistance to anti–PD-1 therapy in #melanoma patients
A neurotransmitter produced by #gut bacteria modulates host sensory #behaviour
Animals coexist in commensal, pathogenic or mutualistic relationships with complex communities of diverse organisms, including microorganisms. Some bacteria produce bioactive neurotransmitters that have previously been proposed to modulate nervous system activity and behaviours of their hosts. However, the mechanistic basis of this microbiota–brain signalling and its physiological relevance are largely unknown. Here we show that… Continue reading A neurotransmitter produced by #gut bacteria modulates host sensory #behaviour
#Microbiome connections with host metabolism and habitual #diet from 1,098 deeply phenotyped individuals
The gut microbiome is shaped by diet and influences host metabolism; however, these links are complex and can be unique to each individual. We performed deep metagenomic sequencing of 1,203 gut microbiomes from 1,098 individuals enrolled in the Personalised Responses to Dietary Composition Trial (PREDICT 1) study, whose detailed long-term diet information, as well as… Continue reading #Microbiome connections with host metabolism and habitual #diet from 1,098 deeply phenotyped individuals
#Avocado Consumption Alters Gastrointestinal #Bacteria Abundance and Microbial Metabolite Concentrations among Adults with Overweight or #Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Avocados are rich in dietary fiber and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), nutrients that have been independently connected to metabolic health benefits and the gastrointestinal microbiota. Objectives We aimed to evaluate the impact of avocado consumption on the gastrointestinal microbiota and microbial metabolites, secondary outcomes of the Persea americana for Total Health (PATH) study, and conduct… Continue reading #Avocado Consumption Alters Gastrointestinal #Bacteria Abundance and Microbial Metabolite Concentrations among Adults with Overweight or #Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Gut #microbiota depletion by chronic #antibiotic treatment alters the sleep/wake architecture and #sleep EEG power spectra in mice
Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota affects physiological processes, including brain functions, by altering the intestinal metabolism. Here we examined the effects of the gut microbiota on sleep/wake regulation. C57BL/6 male mice were treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics for 4 weeks to deplete their gut microbiota. Metabolome profiling of cecal contents in antibiotic-induced microbiota-depleted (AIMD) and control… Continue reading Gut #microbiota depletion by chronic #antibiotic treatment alters the sleep/wake architecture and #sleep EEG power spectra in mice
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