Multiple sclerosis is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the brain and spinal cord resulting in physical and cognitive impairment in young adults. It is hypothesized that a disrupted bacterial and viral gut microbiota is a part of the pathogenesis mediating disease impact through an altered gut microbiota-brain axis. The aim of this study is to… Continue reading The gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis varies with disease activity
Tag: gut-microbiota
Changing Flows Balance Nutrient Absorption and Bacterial Growth along the Gut
Small intestine motility and its ensuing flow of luminal content impact both nutrient absorption and bacterial growth. To explore this interdependence we introduce a biophysical description of intestinal flow and absorption. Rooted in observations of mice we identify the average flow velocity as the key control of absorption efficiency and bacterial growth, independent of the… Continue reading Changing Flows Balance Nutrient Absorption and Bacterial Growth along the Gut
Modifications of Behavior and Inflammation in Mice Following Transplant with Fecal Microbiota from Children with Autism
Highlights•Modifications of behavior and inflammatory factors in mice gut-brain axis.•Key role of gut microbiota during the different developmental phases of ASD.•Fecal microbiota transplant improves ASD symptoms.AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder displaying the modification of complex human behaviors, characterized by social interaction impairments, stereotypical/repetitive activities and emotional dysregulation. In this study, fecal microbiota… Continue reading Modifications of Behavior and Inflammation in Mice Following Transplant with Fecal Microbiota from Children with Autism
Robust variation in infant gut microbiome assembly across a spectrum of lifestyles
Establishing early diversityHumans living an urbanized lifestyle in industrialized countries tend to have less diverse microbiota than people living more rural existences. Using fecal 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, Olm et al. found that after the first 6 months of life, the microbiome of infants living in contrasting environments diverged from Bifidobacteria-dominated assemblages. Deep metagenomic sequencing… Continue reading Robust variation in infant gut microbiome assembly across a spectrum of lifestyles
Clinical, gut microbial and neural effects of a probiotic add-on therapy in depressed patients: a randomized controlled trial
A promising new treatment approach for major depressive disorder (MDD) targets the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis, which is linked to physiological and behavioral functions affected in MDD. This is the first randomized controlled trial to determine whether short-term, high-dose probiotic supplementation reduces depressive symptoms along with gut microbial and neural changes in depressed patients. Patients with… Continue reading Clinical, gut microbial and neural effects of a probiotic add-on therapy in depressed patients: a randomized controlled trial
Heterogeneity in statin responses explained by variation in the human gut microbiome
Despite the undeniable cholesterol lowering benefits of statin therapy, considerable heterogeneity exists in individual responses to the same treatment. Human gut bacteria are known to metabolize statins in vitro, but there is limited information on how microbiome composition may contribute to statin on-target and/or adverse effects. Here, the authors identify a novel blood-based biomarker for… Continue reading Heterogeneity in statin responses explained by variation in the human gut microbiome
Evolution of the murine gut resistome following broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment
The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represent an ever-growing healthcare challenge worldwide. Nevertheless, the mechanisms and timescales shaping this resistome remain elusive. Using an antibiotic cocktail administered to a murine model along with a longitudinal sampling strategy, we identify the mechanisms by which gut commensals acquire antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) after a single… Continue reading Evolution of the murine gut resistome following broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment
(844.3) Gut commensal Coprococcus comes diminishes the blood pressure-lowering effect of ester angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
Drug resistant HTN (rHTN) affects around 15% to 20% of hypertensive (HTN) patients. The underlying mechanisms of resistance to treatment remain poorly understood. The majority of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) are esters, whereby we hypothesized that select gut microbiota hydrolyze ACEi rendering lower efficacy (Figure 1A). To test this hypothesis, we investigated if and which… Continue reading (844.3) Gut commensal Coprococcus comes diminishes the blood pressure-lowering effect of ester angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
Human gut bacteria produce ΤΗ17-modulating bile acid metabolites
The microbiota modulates gut immune homeostasis. Bacteria influence the development and function of host immune cells, including T helper cells expressing interleukin-17A (TH17 cells). We previously reported that the bile acid metabolite 3-oxolithocholic acid (3-oxoLCA) inhibits TH17 cell differentiation1. Although it was suggested that gut-residing bacteria produce 3-oxoLCA, the identity of such bacteria was unknown,… Continue reading Human gut bacteria produce ΤΗ17-modulating bile acid metabolites
2 Medical News 