Objective:The allostasis theory states that, as addiction develops, alcohol is consumed to relieve negative affect rather than to produce positive effects. This study aimed to investigate the real-time subjective effects of alcohol in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and those prone to negative affect by virtue of having comorbid depressive disorder (DEP).Methods:Participants (N=221) completed… Continue reading Real-Time Assessment of #Alcohol Reward, Stimulation, and Negative Affect in Individuals With and Without Alcohol Use Disorder and #Depressive Disorders
Category: Psychiatry
Life expectancy and years of life lost for adults with diagnosed #ADHD in the UK: matched cohort study
Nearly 3% of adults have attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), although in the UK, most are undiagnosed. Adults with ADHD on average experience poorer educational and employment outcomes, worse physical and mental health and are more likely to die prematurely. No studies have yet used mortality data to examine the life expectancy deficit experienced by… Continue reading Life expectancy and years of life lost for adults with diagnosed #ADHD in the UK: matched cohort study
Application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy and #machine learning to predict treatment response after six months in major #depressive disorder
Depression treatment responses vary widely among individuals. Identifying objective biomarkers with predictive accuracy for therapeutic outcomes can enhance treatment efficiency and avoid ineffective therapies. This study investigates whether functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and clinical assessment information can predict treatment response in major depressive disorder (MDD) through machine-learning techniques. Seventy patients with MDD were included in… Continue reading Application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy and #machine learning to predict treatment response after six months in major #depressive disorder
#Mindfulness Meditation vs #Escitalopram for Treatment of #Anxiety DisordersSecondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial
IntroductionMindfulness-based interventions, such as mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), have shown efficacy for anxiety disorders.1 We previously demonstrated that 8 weeks of MBSR was noninferior to escitalopram for treatment of anxiety disorders in a fully powered, multisite, noninferiority parallel-group randomized clinical trial with a predetermined margin.2 We present secondary outcomes of the trial, including patient-reported anxiety,… Continue reading #Mindfulness Meditation vs #Escitalopram for Treatment of #Anxiety DisordersSecondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial
Clinical #EEG slowing induced by electroconvulsive therapy is better described by increased frontal aperiodic activity
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the most efficacious interventions for treatment-resistant depression. Despite its efficacy, ECT’s neural mechanism of action remains unknown. Although ECT has been associated with “slowing” in the electroencephalogram (EEG), how this change relates to clinical improvement is unresolved. Until now, increases in slow-frequency power have been assumed to indicate increases… Continue reading Clinical #EEG slowing induced by electroconvulsive therapy is better described by increased frontal aperiodic activity
The effect of #anxiety on all-cause #dementia: A longitudinal analysis from the Hunter Community Study
BackgroundAnxiety is common, however, the effect of chronicity of anxiety on dementia has not been explored. This study aims to assess the longitudinal relationship between chronic versus resolved versus new onset anxiety, and all-cause dementia risk.MethodsA total of 2132 participants with mean age 76 years from the Hunter Community Study were recruited. Anxiety was measured using… Continue reading The effect of #anxiety on all-cause #dementia: A longitudinal analysis from the Hunter Community Study
The predictive validity of a #Brain Care Score for late-life #depression and a composite outcome of #dementia, #stroke, and late-life #depression: data from the UK Biobank cohort
Introduction: The 21-point Brain Care Score (BCS) is a novel tool designed to motivate individuals and care providers to take action to reduce the risk of stroke and dementia by encouraging lifestyle changes. Given that late-life depression is increasingly recognized to share risk factors with stroke and dementia, and is an important clinical endpoint for brain… Continue reading The predictive validity of a #Brain Care Score for late-life #depression and a composite outcome of #dementia, #stroke, and late-life #depression: data from the UK Biobank cohort
#Screen Media Use and #Mental Health of Children and AdolescentsA Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial
Importance Excessive screen media use has been associated with poorer mental health among children and adolescents in several observational studies. However, experimental evidence supporting this hypothesis is lacking.Objective To investigate the effects of a 2-week screen media reduction intervention on children’s and adolescents’ mental health.Design, Setting, and Participants This prespecified secondary analysis of a cluster randomized clinical trial… Continue reading #Screen Media Use and #Mental Health of Children and AdolescentsA Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial
Posttraumatic #Stress Disorder and Obstructive Sleep #Apnea in Twins
Key PointsQuestion What is the association of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) after accounting for acknowledged medical risk factors for OSA?Findings In a cross-sectional study of 132 older male veteran twins discordant for PTSD undergoing in-laboratory polysomnography, current PTSD diagnosis and symptoms were associated independently with OSA, even after controlling for demographics, behavioral… Continue reading Posttraumatic #Stress Disorder and Obstructive Sleep #Apnea in Twins
2 Medical News 