SummaryStress and circadian systems are interconnected through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis to maintain responses to external stimuli. Yet, the mechanisms of how such signals are orchestrated remain unknown. Here, we uncover the gut microbiota as a regulator of HPA-axis rhythmicity. Microbial depletion disturbs the brain transcriptome and metabolome in stress-responding pathways in the hippocampus and… Continue reading Gut #microbiota regulates #stress responsivity via the circadian system
Category: psychology
Effects of interventions to combat #tobacco addiction: #Cochrane update of 2021 to 2023 reviews
To summarise systematic reviews on tobacco addiction published by the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group (CTAG) from 2021 to 2023.MethodsWe identified all new and updated Cochrane Reviews published by CTAG between 2021 and 2023. We present key results from these reviews and discuss promising avenues for future research.ResultsCTAG published five new reviews and one overview of… Continue reading Effects of interventions to combat #tobacco addiction: #Cochrane update of 2021 to 2023 reviews
Adaptive #cognitive control circuit changes associated with problem-solving ability and #depression symptom outcomes over 24 months
Behavioral intervention therapies can improve symptoms of depression but do not work for all patients. To identify brain circuit changes that might underlie treatment response, Zhang et al. performed a longitudinal fMRI imaging study on patients with depression and comorbid obesity who received either problem-solving therapy (I-CARE) or usual care (U-CARE). They found that decreased cognitive… Continue reading Adaptive #cognitive control circuit changes associated with problem-solving ability and #depression symptom outcomes over 24 months
Effect of #chair placement on physicians’ #behavior and patients’ satisfaction: randomized deception trial
Objective To evaluate the effect of chair placement on length of time physicians sit during a bedside consultation and patients’ satisfaction.Design Single center, double blind, randomized controlled deception trial.Setting County hospital in Texas, USA.Participants 51 hospitalist physicians providing direct care services, and 125 observed encounters of patients who could answer four orientation questions correctly before study entry, April 2022… Continue reading Effect of #chair placement on physicians’ #behavior and patients’ satisfaction: randomized deception trial
Longitudinal associations between #time perspective and #life satisfaction across adulthood
Time perspective is an important predictor of well-being. How time is represented, is itself subject to developmental change. A time perspective dominated by the future is increasingly replaced by one focused on the present and past as remaining lifetime decreases. These age-related changes supposedly are associated with higher subjective well-being. Previous studies yielded heterogeneous results.… Continue reading Longitudinal associations between #time perspective and #life satisfaction across adulthood
#Sex and mental #health are related to subcortical #brain microstructure
SignificanceWe demonstrate the presence of large sex-related differences in the microstructure of subcortical gray matter using advanced noninvasive diffusion MRI in a large cohort of young adults. These sex differences are found in several key brain structures that are important for mental health and are consistent with experimental studies in animals showing cellular differences in… Continue reading #Sex and mental #health are related to subcortical #brain microstructure
Longitudinal Associations Between #Optimism and Objective Measures of #Physical Functioning in Women
Identifying factors contributing to sustained physical functioning is critical for the health and well-being of the aging population, especially as physical functioning may precede and predict subsequent health outcomes. Prior work suggests optimism may protect health, but less is known about the association between optimism and objective physical functioning measures as individuals age.Objective To evaluate the… Continue reading Longitudinal Associations Between #Optimism and Objective Measures of #Physical Functioning in Women
Dissecting abstract, modality-specific and experience-dependent coding of affect in the human #brain
#Emotion and #perception are tightly intertwined, as affective experiences often arise from the appraisal of sensory information. Nonetheless, whether the brain encodes emotional instances using a sensory-specific code or in a more abstract manner is unclear. Here, we answer this question by measuring the association between emotion ratings collected during a unisensory or multisensory presentation… Continue reading Dissecting abstract, modality-specific and experience-dependent coding of affect in the human #brain
Adherence to #Mediterranean diet is inversely associated with #depressive symptoms in older women: findings from the NutBrain Study
Data on the association of the Mediterranean diet with depressive symptoms in older people at high risk of depression are scarce. This study aimed to investigate the cross-sectional association of the adherence to the Mediterranean diet and its components with depressive symptoms in the Italian NutBrain cohort of older men and women. A total of… Continue reading Adherence to #Mediterranean diet is inversely associated with #depressive symptoms in older women: findings from the NutBrain Study
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