National guidelines on transplant selection have adopted successful downstaging to within Milan criteria (MC) as a viable option for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) before liver transplant (LT). Recurrence of HCC after LT carries a poor prognosis, and treatment modalities remain challenging.Objective To establish the 10-year outcomes of patients with HCC after LT in… Continue reading Ten-Year Outcomes of Liver Transplant and Downstaging for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Category: Oncology
Dual stromal targeting sensitizes pancreatic adenocarcinoma for anti-PD-1 therapy
Background and AimsThe stroma in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) contributes to its immunosuppressive nature and therapeutic resistance. Herein we sought to modify signaling and enhance immunotherapy efficacy by targeting multiple stromal components through both intracellular and extracellular mechanisms.MethodsA murine liver metastasis syngeneic model of PDAC was treated with focal adhesion kinase inhibitor (FAKi), anti-PD-1 antibody… Continue reading Dual stromal targeting sensitizes pancreatic adenocarcinoma for anti-PD-1 therapy
Incidence of New-Onset Type 2 Diabetes After Cancer: A Danish Cohort Study
For patients with cancer, prevalent type 2 diabetes at the date of cancer diagnosis is associated with increased cancer-specific and all-cause mortality (1,2). Yet, despite potential health implications, there is limited knowledge on whether cancer is also a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Moreover, the impact of new-onset type 2 diabetes after cancer diagnosis… Continue reading Incidence of New-Onset Type 2 Diabetes After Cancer: A Danish Cohort Study
Molecular signatures of long-term hepatocellular carcinoma risk in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Predicting liver cancer riskNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) raises the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but this risk can be difficult to quantify and disease onset can still be difficult to catch early. Fujiwara et al. developed hepatic transcriptome and serum secretome–derived signatures to predict NAFLD-related HCC in patients over 15 years of observation.… Continue reading Molecular signatures of long-term hepatocellular carcinoma risk in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Interleukin-27 signaling serves as an immunological checkpoint for innate cytotoxic cells to promote hepatocellular carcinoma
AbstractWhile inflammatory mechanisms driving hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) had been proposed, the regulators of anti-cancer immunity in HCC remain poorly understood. We found that IL-27 receptor (IL-27R) signaling promotes HCC development in vivo. High IL-27EBI3 cytokine or IL-27RA expression correlated with poor prognosis for patients with HCC. Loss of IL-27R suppressed HCC in vivo in two… Continue reading Interleukin-27 signaling serves as an immunological checkpoint for innate cytotoxic cells to promote hepatocellular carcinoma
Aspirin’s effect on kinetic parameters ofcells contributes to its role in reducingincidence of advanced colorectaladenomas, shown by a multiscalecomputational study
Aspirin intake has been shown to lead to significant protection against colorectalcancer, for example with an up to twofold reduction in colorectal adenoma incidence rates at higherdoses. The mechanisms contributing to protection are not yet fully understood. While aspirin isan anti-inflammatory drug and can thus influence the tumor microenvironment, in vitro and in vivoexperiments have… Continue reading Aspirin’s effect on kinetic parameters ofcells contributes to its role in reducingincidence of advanced colorectaladenomas, shown by a multiscalecomputational study
Association of Bariatric Surgery With Cancer Risk and Mortality in Adults With Obesity
Importance Obesity increases the incidence and mortality from some types of cancer, but it remains uncertain whether intentional weight loss can decrease this risk. Objective To investigate whether bariatric surgery is associated with lower cancer risk and mortality in patients with obesity. Design, Setting, and Participants In the SPLENDID (Surgical Procedures and Long-term Effectiveness in… Continue reading Association of Bariatric Surgery With Cancer Risk and Mortality in Adults With Obesity
Activity-Based NIR Bioluminescence Probe Enables Discovery of Diet-Induced Modulation of the Tumor Microenvironment via Nitric Oxide
Nitric oxide (NO) plays a critical role in acute and chronic inflammation. NO’s contributions to cancer are of particular interest due to its context-dependent bioactivities. For example, immune cells initially produce cytotoxic quantities of NO in response to the nascent tumor. However, it is believed that this fades over time and reaches a concentration that… Continue reading Activity-Based NIR Bioluminescence Probe Enables Discovery of Diet-Induced Modulation of the Tumor Microenvironment via Nitric Oxide
Increasing Incidence of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer
Early-onset disease (at <50 years of age) accounts for 10% of colorectal cancer cases, and the incidence is increasing, particularly in high-income countries. Patients often present with advanced disease in the left colon. One in six patients has deficient DNA mismatch repair. Screening is now recommended to begin at 45 years of age. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra2200869
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