Exposures to environmental pollutants during windows of developmental vulnerability in early life can cause disease and death in infancy and childhood as well as chronic, non-communicable diseases that may manifest at any point across the life span. Patterns of pollution and pollution-related disease change as countries move through economic development. Environmental pollution is now recognized… Continue reading Environmental #Pollution: An Under-recognized Threat to Children’s Health, Especially in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Category: Environment
Secondary organic aerosols from anthropogenic volatile organic compounds contribute substantially to air #pollution mortality
Anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol (ASOA), formed from anthropogenic emissions of organic compounds, constitutes a substantial fraction of the mass of submicron aerosol in populated areas around the world and contributes to poor air quality and premature mortality. However, the precursor sources of ASOA are poorly understood, and there are large uncertainties in the health benefits… Continue reading Secondary organic aerosols from anthropogenic volatile organic compounds contribute substantially to air #pollution mortality
Mortality among persons who inject #drugs: A prospective cohort followed over three decades in Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Over the past decades, people who inject drugs (PWID) have been impacted by the development of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) to combat HIV/AIDS, the prescription opioid crisis, and increased use of lethal synthetic opioids. We measured how these dynamics have impacted mortality among PWID in an urban U.S. city. DesignProspective cohort study using data from… Continue reading Mortality among persons who inject #drugs: A prospective cohort followed over three decades in Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Is the cure really worse than the disease? The health impacts of #lockdowns during #COVID-19
Summary boxRestrictive non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19 (known as ‘lockdowns’) are associated with health harms However, it is challenging to determine whether lockdowns have caused the harms or whether these harms are a direct consequence of the underlying health disaster of the pandemic Careful analysis of excess mortality suggests that lockdowns are not associated with large… Continue reading Is the cure really worse than the disease? The health impacts of #lockdowns during #COVID-19
Guiding principles for determining work #shift duration and addressing the effects of work shift duration on performance, safety, and health: guidance from the American Academy of #Sleep Medicine and the Sleep Research Society
Risks associated with fatigue that accumulates during work shifts have historically been managed through working time arrangements that specify fixed maximum durations of work shifts and minimum durations of time off. By themselves, such arrangements are not sufficient to curb risks to performance, safety, and health caused by misalignment between work schedules and the biological… Continue reading Guiding principles for determining work #shift duration and addressing the effects of work shift duration on performance, safety, and health: guidance from the American Academy of #Sleep Medicine and the Sleep Research Society
The temporal representation of #experience in subjective #mood
Humans refer to their mood state regularly in day-to-day as well as clinical interactions. Theoretical accounts suggest that when reporting on our mood we integrate over the history of our experiences; yet, the temporal structure of this integration remains unexamined. Here, we use a computational approach to quantitatively answer this question and show that early… Continue reading The temporal representation of #experience in subjective #mood
Adaptive circuit dynamics across human #cortex during evidence accumulation in changing #environments
Many decisions under uncertainty entail the temporal accumulation of evidence that informs about the state of the environment. When environments are subject to hidden changes in their state, maximizing accuracy and reward requires non-linear accumulation of evidence. How this adaptive, non-linear computation is realized in the brain is unknown. We analyzed human behavior and cortical… Continue reading Adaptive circuit dynamics across human #cortex during evidence accumulation in changing #environments
#Ivermectin for Prevention and Treatment of #COVID-19 InfectionA Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Trial Sequential Analysis to Inform Clinical Guidelines
Repurposed medicines may have a role against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The antiparasitic ivermectin, with antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties, has now been tested in numerous clinical trials. Areas of uncertainty:We assessed the efficacy of ivermectin treatment in reducing mortality, in secondary outcomes, and in chemoprophylaxis, among people with, or at high risk of, COVID-19 infection. Data… Continue reading #Ivermectin for Prevention and Treatment of #COVID-19 InfectionA Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Trial Sequential Analysis to Inform Clinical Guidelines
#Aggressive incidents in #psychiatric hospitals on #heat days
This study explores the relationship between temperature and the number of aggressive incidents and coercive interventions in the years 2007–2019 in six psychiatric hospitals in the south of the Germany with a total of 1007 beds. The number of aggressive incidents among 164 435 admissions was significantly higher on ‘heat days’ (≥30°C). Furthermore, there was… Continue reading #Aggressive incidents in #psychiatric hospitals on #heat days
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