Smiling has been previously shown to improve stress responses. We replicated and expanded this work by testing whether smiling helps with a potent real-world stressor: a vaccination-like needle injection. We also extended past research by examining grimacing, a facial expression known to naturally occur during stress and pain and one that shares some of the… Continue reading #Smile (or grimace) through the #pain? The effects of experimentally manipulated facial expressions on needle-injection responses.
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