Month: Apr 2021

Infectivology

Automated quantitative thin slice volumetric low dose #CT analysis predicts disease severity in #COVID-19 patients

This study aimed to identify predictive (bio-)markers for COVID-19 severity derived from automated quantitative thin slice low dose volumetric CT analysis, clinical chemistry and lung function testing. MethodsSeventy-four COVID-19 patients admitted between March 16th and June 3rd 2020 to the Asklepios Lung Clinic Munich-Gauting, Germany, were included in the study. Patients were categorized in a non-severe group including patients hospitalized on general wards only and … Continue reading Automated quantitative thin slice volumetric low dose #CT analysis predicts disease severity in #COVID-19 patients

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Infectivology, Pneumology

Delayed #antibiotic prescribing for #respiratory tract infections: individual patient data meta-analysis

To assess the overall effect of delayed antibiotic prescribing on average symptom severity for patients with respiratory tract infections in the community, and to identify any factors modifying this effect. Design Systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis. Data sources Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, EBSCO CINAHL Plus, and Web of Science. Eligibility criteria for study selection Randomised controlled trials … Continue reading Delayed #antibiotic prescribing for #respiratory tract infections: individual patient data meta-analysis

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Infectivology

Effectiveness of #polymyxin B-immobilized hemoperfusion against #sepsis and septic #shock: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PurposeTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of Polymyxin B-immobilized hemoperfusion (PMX-HP) against sepsis or septic shock. MethodsWe searched databases (PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library) to identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The primary outcomes we included in this review were mortality at the longest follow-up available and serious adverse events associated with treatments. We used the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool to evaluate risk … Continue reading Effectiveness of #polymyxin B-immobilized hemoperfusion against #sepsis and septic #shock: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Environment, Gynaecology

Early-life #environmental exposure determinants of child #behavior in Europe: A longitudinal, population-based study

BackgroundEnvironmental exposures in early life influence the development of behavioral outcomes in children, but research has not considered multiple exposures. We therefore aimed to investigate the impact of a broad spectrum of pre- and postnatal environmental exposures on child behavior. Methods and findingsWe used data from the HELIX (Human Early Life Exposome) project, which was based on six longitudinal population-based birth cohorts in Europe. At … Continue reading Early-life #environmental exposure determinants of child #behavior in Europe: A longitudinal, population-based study

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Pneumology

Effectiveness and Harms of High-Flow Nasal #Oxygen for Acute #Respiratory Failure: An Evidence Report for a Clinical Guideline From the American College of Physicians

Use of high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) for treatment of adults with acute respiratory failure (ARF) has increased. Purpose:To assess HFNO versus noninvasive ventilation (NIV) or conventional oxygen therapy (COT) for ARF in hospitalized adults. Data Sources:English-language searches of MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library from January 2000 to July 2020; systematic review reference lists. Study Selection:29 randomized controlled trials evaluated HFNO versus NIV (k = 11) … Continue reading Effectiveness and Harms of High-Flow Nasal #Oxygen for Acute #Respiratory Failure: An Evidence Report for a Clinical Guideline From the American College of Physicians

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Endocrinology

A Randomized, Open-Label Comparison of Once-Weekly #Insulin Icodec Titration Strategies Versus Once-Daily Insulin Glargine U100

Insulin icodec is a novel once-weekly basal insulin analog. This trial investigated the efficacy and safety of icodec using different once-weekly titration algorithms. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a phase 2, randomized, open-label, 16-week, treat-to-target study. Insulin-naïve adults (n = 205) with type 2 diabetes and HbA1c 7–10% while treated with oral glucose-lowering medications initiated once-weekly icodec titrations A (prebreakfast self-measured blood glucose target … Continue reading A Randomized, Open-Label Comparison of Once-Weekly #Insulin Icodec Titration Strategies Versus Once-Daily Insulin Glargine U100

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Neurology, Rehabilitation

FDA Authorizes Marketing of Device to Facilitate #Muscle Rehabilitation in #Stroke Patients

Today, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration authorized marketing of a new device indicated for use in patients 18 and older undergoing stroke rehabilitation to facilitate muscle re-education and for maintaining or increasing range of motion. The Neurolutions IpsiHand Upper Extremity Rehabilitation System (IpsiHand System) is a Brain-Computer-Interface (BCI) device that assists in rehabilitation for stroke patients with upper extremity—or hand, wrist and arm—disability. “Thousands … Continue reading FDA Authorizes Marketing of Device to Facilitate #Muscle Rehabilitation in #Stroke Patients

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Dentistry, Infectivology

Association between #periodontitis and severity of #COVID‐19 infection: A case–control study

COVID‐19 is associated with an exacerbated inflammatory response that can result in fatal outcomes. Systemic inflammation is also a main characteristic of periodontitis. Therefore, we investigated the association of periodontitis with COVID‐19 complications. Materials and MethodsA case–control study was performed using the national electronic health records of the State of Qatar between February and July 2020. Cases were defined as patients who suffered COVID‐19 complications … Continue reading Association between #periodontitis and severity of #COVID‐19 infection: A case–control study

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Orthopedy

Physical #activity thresholds for predicting longitudinal gait decline in adults with knee #osteoarthritis

To investigate the longitudinal relationship between physical performance (via real-life accelerometry) and physical capacity (laboratory measurement of gait speed) in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA), and to derive accelerometry measured thresholds associated with gait speed decline in KOA that may provide targets for disease-specific physical activity guidelines. DesignLongitudinal data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) accelerometer sub-study was extracted from 1,229 participants assessed 2 years apart. … Continue reading Physical #activity thresholds for predicting longitudinal gait decline in adults with knee #osteoarthritis

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Gastroenterology

Development and validation of a risk prediction model for high-risk #adenomas at the time of first screening #colonoscopy among screening aged Canadians

The aim of this study was to develop a risk prediction model for HRAs detected at screening colonoscopy based on readily available participant information. The cohort consisted of 3035 participants aged 50 to 74 years with no history of cancer who underwent a primary screening colonoscopy at a centralized colon cancer screening centre between 2008 and 2016. A multivariable logistic regression model was created using CRC … Continue reading Development and validation of a risk prediction model for high-risk #adenomas at the time of first screening #colonoscopy among screening aged Canadians

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Endocrinology, Neurology

VPS39-deficiency observed in type 2 #diabetes impairs #muscle stem cell differentiation via altered autophagy and epigenetics

Insulin resistance and lower muscle quality (strength divided by mass) are hallmarks of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we explore whether alterations in muscle stem cells (myoblasts) from individuals with T2D contribute to these phenotypes. We identify VPS39 as an important regulator of myoblast differentiation and muscle glucose uptake, and VPS39 is downregulated in myoblasts and myotubes from individuals with T2D. We discover a pathway … Continue reading VPS39-deficiency observed in type 2 #diabetes impairs #muscle stem cell differentiation via altered autophagy and epigenetics

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Cardiology, Infectivology

Initial Findings From the North American #COVID-19 Myocardial #Infarction Registry

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted many aspects of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) care, including timely access to primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). ObjectivesThe goal of the NACMI (North American COVID-19 and STEMI) registry is to describe demographic characteristics, management strategies, and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with STEMI. MethodsA prospective, ongoing observational registry was created under the guidance of 3 cardiology societies. … Continue reading Initial Findings From the North American #COVID-19 Myocardial #Infarction Registry

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