Month: Jan 2021

Neurology

#Stroke Incidence by Sex Across the Lifespan

We evaluated the influence of age on the association between sex and the incidence of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) using a population-based cohort from Ontario, Canada. Methods: We followed a cohort of adults (≥18 years) without prior stroke from January 1, 2003 (cohort start date) to March 31, 2018, to identify incident events. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs), in women compared to men, … Continue reading #Stroke Incidence by Sex Across the Lifespan

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Neurology, Psychiatry

Increased Risk of #Parkinson’s Disease in Patients With #Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders

PD comorbid with schizophrenia has been considered rare because these diseases associate with opposite alterations in the brain dopamine system. The objective of this study was to investigate the risk of PD after a diagnosis of a schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Methods Regionally, this was a retrospective record‐based case–control study. The cohort included 3045 PD patients treated 2004–2019 in southwestern Finland. Nationally this was a nested … Continue reading Increased Risk of #Parkinson’s Disease in Patients With #Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders

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Gastroenterology, Infectivology

Are Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease at an Increased Risk of Developing #SARS-CoV-2 than Patients Without Inflammatory #Bowel Disease? Results From a Nationwide Veterans’ Affairs Cohort Study

The clinic course of SARS-CoV-2 among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been extensively studied. However, there is a paucity of data on whether patients with IBD have an increased risk of developing SARS-CoV-2 with compared with patients without IBD. METHODS: We conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study in the US Veterans’ Affairs healthcare system from January 1, 2020, to June 30, 2020. We … Continue reading Are Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease at an Increased Risk of Developing #SARS-CoV-2 than Patients Without Inflammatory #Bowel Disease? Results From a Nationwide Veterans’ Affairs Cohort Study

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Gastroenterology, Neurology

A neurotransmitter produced by #gut bacteria modulates host sensory #behaviour

Animals coexist in commensal, pathogenic or mutualistic relationships with complex communities of diverse organisms, including microorganisms. Some bacteria produce bioactive neurotransmitters that have previously been proposed to modulate nervous system activity and behaviours of their hosts. However, the mechanistic basis of this microbiota–brain signalling and its physiological relevance are largely unknown. Here we show that in Caenorhabditis elegans, the neuromodulator tyramine produced by commensal Providencia … Continue reading A neurotransmitter produced by #gut bacteria modulates host sensory #behaviour

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Neurology

Relationship between afternoon #napping and #cognitive function in the ageing Chinese population

Several studies have shown that afternoon napping promotes cognitive function in the elderly; on the other hand, some studies have shown opposite results. This current study further examined the relationship between afternoon napping and cognitive function in the ageing Chinese population. Methods A total of 2214 elderly were included (napping group: n=1534; non-napping group: n=680). They all received cognitive evaluations by the Beijing version of … Continue reading Relationship between afternoon #napping and #cognitive function in the ageing Chinese population

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Gynaecology

2021 The Effect of Preconception-Initiated Low-Dose #Aspirin on Human Chorionic Gonadotropin–Detected Pregnancy, #Pregnancy Loss, and Live Birth

A previous large randomized trial indicated that preconception-initiated low-dose aspirin (LDA) therapy did not have a positive effect on pregnancy outcomes. However, this trial was subject to nonadherence, which was not taken into account by the intention-to-treat approach.. ..Relative to placebo, adhering to LDA for 5 of 7 days per week led to 8 more hCG-detected pregnancies (95% CI, 4.64 to 10.96 pregnancies), 15 more … Continue reading 2021 The Effect of Preconception-Initiated Low-Dose #Aspirin on Human Chorionic Gonadotropin–Detected Pregnancy, #Pregnancy Loss, and Live Birth

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Diet, Neurology, Psychiatry

The effects of #alcohol and #cannabis use on the cortical thickness of #cognitive control and salience brain networks in emerging adulthood: a cotwin control study

Background Impairments in inhibitory control and its underlying brain networks (control/salience areas) are associated with substance misuse. Research often assumes a causal substance exposure effect on brain structure. This assumption remains largely untested and other factors (e.g., familial risk) may confound exposure effects. We leveraged a genetically-informative sample of 24-year-old twins and a quasi-experimental cotwin control design to separate alcohol or cannabis exposure effects during … Continue reading The effects of #alcohol and #cannabis use on the cortical thickness of #cognitive control and salience brain networks in emerging adulthood: a cotwin control study

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Gastroenterology, Hepatology

Serum hepatitis B #core‐related antigen level stratifies risk of disease progression in chronic #hepatitis B patients with intermediate viral load

Patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are at risk of developing liver disease. Serum hepatitis B core‐related antigen (HBcrAg) is a new biomarker for intrahepatic templates for HBV replication.. ..A total of 1673 treatment‐naïve, non‐cirrhotic patients with negative hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level <40 U/L at baseline were enrolled. We explored the relationship between baseline levels of HBcrAg … Continue reading Serum hepatitis B #core‐related antigen level stratifies risk of disease progression in chronic #hepatitis B patients with intermediate viral load

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Endocrinology, Infectivology

#Metformin Use Is Associated With Reduced Mortality in a Diverse Population With #COVID-19 and Diabetes

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a growing pandemic with an increasing death toll that has been linked to various comorbidities as well as racial disparity. However, the specific characteristics of these at-risk populations are still not known and approaches to lower mortality are lacking.. ..The odds ratio of contracting COVID-19 was disproportionately high in Blacks/African-Americans (OR 2.6; 95% CI 2.19–3.10; p<0.0001) and in subjects with obesity … Continue reading #Metformin Use Is Associated With Reduced Mortality in a Diverse Population With #COVID-19 and Diabetes

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Cardiology, Diet

#Fried-food consumption and risk of #cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis of observational studies

We performed a meta-analysis, including dose–response analysis, to quantitatively determine the association of fried-food consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in the general adult population.. ..In comparing the highest with lowest fried-food intake, summary RRs (95% CIs) were 1.28 (1.15 to 1.43; n=17, I2=82.0%) for major cardiovascular events (prospective: 1.24 (1.12 to 1.38), n=13, I2=75.7%; case–control: 1.91 (1.15 to 3.17), n=4, I2=92.1%); … Continue reading #Fried-food consumption and risk of #cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis of observational studies

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Environment, Psychiatry, Sports

Longitudinal Associations of Midlife Accelerometer Determined #Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity With #Cognitive Function: The CARDIA Study

To determine if accelerometer measured sedentary behavior (SED), light‐intensity physical activity (LPA), and moderate‐to‐vigorous–intensity physical activity (MVPA) in midlife is prospectively associated with cognitive function. Participants were 1970 adults enrolled in the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study who wore an accelerometer in 2005 to 2006 (ages 38–50 years) and had cognitive function assessments completed 5 and/or 10 years later. SED, LPA, … Continue reading Longitudinal Associations of Midlife Accelerometer Determined #Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity With #Cognitive Function: The CARDIA Study

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Psychiatry

A Randomized Controlled Trial of Repeated #Ketamine Administration for Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic and disabling disorder, for which available pharmacotherapies have limited efficacy. The authors’ previous proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial of single-dose intravenous ketamine infusion in individuals with PTSD showed significant and rapid PTSD symptom reduction 24 hours postinfusion. The present study is the first randomized controlled trial to test the efficacy and safety of repeated intravenous ketamine infusions for the … Continue reading A Randomized Controlled Trial of Repeated #Ketamine Administration for Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

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