Month: Sep 2020

Diet, Infectivology

Vitamin #D sufficiency, a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D at least 30 ng/mL reduced risk for adverse clinical outcomes in patients with #COVID-19 infection

To investigate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and its effect on adverse clinical outcomes, and parameters of immune function and mortality due to a SARS-CoV-2 infection.. ..Based on CDC criteria, among our study patients, 74% had severe COVID-19 infection and 32.8% were vitamin D sufficient. After adjusting for confounding factors, there was a significant association between vitamin D sufficiency and reduction in clinical … Continue reading Vitamin #D sufficiency, a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D at least 30 ng/mL reduced risk for adverse clinical outcomes in patients with #COVID-19 infection

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Neurology, Psychiatry

Relationship Among Sensory Over-Responsivity, Problem Behaviors, and #Anxiety in Emerging Adults with #Autism Spectrum Disorder

Despite the highly prevailing rate of sensory over-responsivity, problem behaviors, and anxiety among emerging adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), little is known about the nature of their experiences. While previous studies have indicated potential relationships among these conditions, their connections still need to be clarified. This study aimed to examine the relationships between sensory over-responsivity, problem behaviors, and anxiety.. .. The percentage of emerging … Continue reading Relationship Among Sensory Over-Responsivity, Problem Behaviors, and #Anxiety in Emerging Adults with #Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Environment, Neurology

#Language comprehension in the social #brain: Electrophysiological brain signals of social presence effects during syntactic and semantic sentence processing

Although, evolutionarily, language emerged predominantly for social purposes, much has yet to be uncovered regarding how language processing is affected by social context. Social presence research studies the ways in which the presence of a conspecific affects processing, but has yet to be thoroughly applied to language processes. The principal aim of this study was to see how syntactic and semantic language processing might be … Continue reading #Language comprehension in the social #brain: Electrophysiological brain signals of social presence effects during syntactic and semantic sentence processing

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Cardiology, Diet

Low #carbohydrate diet and all cause and cause-specific #mortality

Evidence is limited regarding the association between low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) score and mortality among Asians, a population that consumes a large amount of carbohydrates.. ..A U-shaped association was observed between LCD score and total mortality: the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) (95% CI) of total mortality for lowest through highest scores were 1.00, 0.95 (0.91, 1.01), 0.93 (0.88, 0.98), 0.93 (0.88, 0.98), and 1.01 (0.95, 1.07) … Continue reading Low #carbohydrate diet and all cause and cause-specific #mortality

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Endocrinology, Nephrology

#Dapagliflozin in Patients with Chronic #Kidney Disease

Patients with chronic kidney disease have a high risk of adverse kidney and cardiovascular outcomes. The effect of dapagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease, with or without type 2 diabetes, is not known.. ..The independent data monitoring committee recommended stopping the trial because of efficacy. Over a median of 2.4 years, a primary outcome event occurred in 197 of 2152 participants (9.2%) in the … Continue reading #Dapagliflozin in Patients with Chronic #Kidney Disease

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Diet, Endocrinology

Trends in #Adiposity and #Food Insecurity Among US Adults

..Food insecurity is a core indicator of nutritional status and “exists whenever the availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods or the ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways is limited or uncertain.” ..Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was food insecurity. Data on BMI (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) were categorized as follows: normal weight … Continue reading Trends in #Adiposity and #Food Insecurity Among US Adults

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Infectivology, Psychiatry

#Meningeal γδ T cells regulate #anxiety-like behavior via IL-17a signaling in neurons

Interleukin (IL)-17a has been highly conserved during evolution of the vertebrate immune system and widely studied in contexts of infection and autoimmunity. Studies suggest that IL-17a promotes behavioral changes in experimental models of autism and aggregation behavior in worms. Here, through a cellular and molecular characterization of meningeal γδ17 T cells, we defined the nearest central nervous system–associated source of IL-17a under homeostasis. Meningeal γδ … Continue reading #Meningeal γδ T cells regulate #anxiety-like behavior via IL-17a signaling in neurons

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Psychiatry

#Sleep duration and affective reactivity to #stressors and positive events in daily life

Objective: Experimental evidence suggests that inadequate sleep disrupts next-day affective processing and evokes greater stress reactivity. However, less research has focused on whether sleep predicts next-day affective reactivity to naturally occurring stressors and positive events in daily life, as well as the reversed direction of association (i.e., affective reactivity to daily events as predictors of subsequent sleep). The purpose of this study was to evaluate … Continue reading #Sleep duration and affective reactivity to #stressors and positive events in daily life

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Endocrinology

Once-Weekly #Insulin for Type 2 #Diabetes without Previous Insulin Treatment

It is thought that a reduction in the frequency of basal insulin injections might facilitate treatment acceptance and adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes. Insulin icodec is a basal insulin analogue designed for once-weekly administration that is in development for the treatment of diabetes We conducted a 26-week, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, phase 2 trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of once-weekly insulin icodec … Continue reading Once-Weekly #Insulin for Type 2 #Diabetes without Previous Insulin Treatment

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Infectivology, Rheumatology

Risk for Serious #Infection With Low-Dose #Glucocorticoids in Patients With #Rheumatoid Arthritis

Low-dose glucocorticoids are frequently used for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other chronic conditions, but the safety of long-term use remains uncertain.. ..Associations between glucocorticoid dose (none, ≤5 mg/d, >5 to 10 mg/d, and >10 mg/d) and hospitalized infection were evaluated using inverse probability–weighted analyses, with 1-year cumulative incidence predicted from weighted models. Results: 247 297 observations were identified among 172 041 patients … Continue reading Risk for Serious #Infection With Low-Dose #Glucocorticoids in Patients With #Rheumatoid Arthritis

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Cardiology, Neurology

#Anticoagulation Timing in Cardioembolic #Stroke and Recurrent Event Risk

Guidelines recommend initiating anticoagulation within 4 to 14 days after cardioembolic stroke. Data supporting this did not account for key factors potentially affecting the decision to initiate anticoagulation, such as infarct size, hemorrhagic transformation, or high‐risk features on echocardiography.. ..We pooled data from stroke registries of 8 comprehensive stroke centers across the United States. We included consecutive patients admitted with ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation. The … Continue reading #Anticoagulation Timing in Cardioembolic #Stroke and Recurrent Event Risk

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Cardiology

Interventions to Improve #Statin Tolerance and Adherence in Patients at Risk for #Cardiovascular Disease

Strategies to improve patients’ tolerance of and adherence to statins may enhance the effectiveness of dyslipidemia treatment in those at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD).. ..One SR, 1 RCT, and 4 cohort studies were included. The SR found that intensified patient care improved adherence and decreased levels of total serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) at 6 months or more of follow-up. Compared with … Continue reading Interventions to Improve #Statin Tolerance and Adherence in Patients at Risk for #Cardiovascular Disease

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